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A
public
aquarium
(plural:
public
aquaria
or
public
aquariums)
is
the
aquatic
counterpart
of
a
zoo,
which
houses
living
aquatic
animal
and
plant
specimens
for
public
viewing.
Most
public
aquariums
feature
tanks
larger
than
those
kept
by
home
aquarists,
as
well
as
smaller
tanks.
Since
the
first
public
aquariums
were
built
in
the
mid-19th
century,
they
have
become
popular
and
their
numbers
have
increased.
Most
modern
accredited
aquariums
stress
conservation
issues
and
educating
the
public.
The
first
public
aquarium
was
opened
in
London
Zoo
in
May
1853;
the
Fish
House,
as
it
came
to
be
known,
was
constructed
much
like
a
greenhouse.
P.T.
Barnum
quickly
followed
in
1856
with
the
first
American
aquarium
as
part
of
his
established
Barnum's
American
Museum,
which
was
located
on
Broadway
in
New
York
City
before
it
burned
down.
In
1859,
the
Aquarial
Gardens
were
founded
in
Boston.
A
number
of
aquariums
then
opened
in
Europe,
such
as
the
Jardin
d'Acclimatation
in
Paris
and
the
Viennese
Aquarium
Salon
(both
founded
1860),
the
Marine
Aquarium
Temple
as
part
of
the
Zoological
Garden
in
Hamburg
(1864),
as
well
as
aquariums
in
Berlin
(1869)
and
Brighton
(1872).
The
old
Berlin
Aquarium
opened
in
1869.
The
building
site
was
to
be
Unter
den
Linden
(along
a
major
avenue),
in
the
centre
of
town,
not
at
the
Berlin
Zoo.
The
aquarium's
first
director,
Alfred
Brehm,
former
director
of
the
Hamburg
Zoo
from
1863
to
1866,
served
until
1874.
With
its
emphasis
on
education,
the
public
aquarium
was
designed
like
a
grotto,
part
of
it
made
of
natural
rock.
The
Geologische
Grotte
depicted
"the
strata
of
the
earth's
crust".
The
grotto
also
featured
birds
and
pools
for
seals.
The
Aquarium
Unter
den
Linden
was
a
three-story
building.
Machinery
and
water
tanks
were
on
the
ground
floor,
aquarium
basins
for
the
fish
on
the
first
floor.
Because
of
Brehm's
special
interest
in
birds,
a
huge
aviary,
with
cages
for
mammals
placed
around
it,
was
located
on
the
second
floor.
The
facility
closed
in
1910.
The
Artis
aquarium
at
Amsterdam
Zoo
was
constructed
inside
a
Victorian
building
in
1882,
and
was
renovated
in
1997.
At
the
end
of
the
19th
century
the
Artis
aquarium
was
considered
state-of-the-art,
as
it
was
again
at
the
end
of
the
20th
century.
Prior
to
its
closing
on
30
September
2013,
the
oldest
American
aquarium
was
the
National
Aquarium
in
Washington,
D.C.,
founded
in
1873.
This
was
followed
by
the
opening
of
other
public
aquariums:
San
Francisco
(Woodward's
Gardens,
1873–1890),
Woods
Hole
(Woods
Hole
Science
Aquarium,
1885),
New
York
(New
York
Aquarium,
1896–present),
La
Jolla
(Scripps,
1903),
Honolulu
(Waikiki
Aquarium,
1904–present),
Detroit
(Belle
Isle
Aquarium,
1904–2005,
2012–Present),
Philadelphia
(Philadelphia
Aquarium,
1911–1962),
San
Francisco
(Steinhart
Aquarium,
1923),
Chicago
(Shedd
Aquarium,
1929).
For
many
years,
the
Shedd
Aquarium
was
the
largest
aquarium
in
the
United
States
until
the
Georgia
Aquarium
in
Atlanta
opened
2005.
Entertainment
and
aquatic
circus
exhibits
were
combined
as
themes
in
Philadelphia's
Aquarama
Aquarium
Theater
of
the
Sea
(1962–1969)
and
Camden's
re-invented
Adventure
Aquarium
2005,
formerly
the
New
Jersey
State
Aquarium
(1992).
The
first
Japanese
public
aquarium,
a
small
freshwater
aquarium,
was
opened
at
the
Ueno
Zoo
in
1882.
In
2005,
the
Georgia
Aquarium,
with
more
than
8
million
U.S.
gallons
(6.7
million
imp
gal;
30
million
L)
of
marine
and
fresh
water,
and
more
than
100,000
animals
of
500
different
species
opened
in
Atlanta,
Georgia.
The
aquarium's
notable
specimens
include
whale
sharks
and
beluga
whales.
Excerpt
from
Wikipedia
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