5/5 Shashika N. 3 years ago on Google
The
Anuradhapura
Maha
Viharaya
was
an
important
mahavihara
or
large
Buddhist
monastery
for
Theravada
Buddhism
in
Sri
Lanka.
King
Devanampiya
Tissa
of
Anuradhapura
(247–207
BCE)
founded
it
in
his
capital
city
of
Anuradhapura.Monks
such
as
Buddhaghosa
(4th
to
5th
century
CE)
and
Dhammapala,
who
wrote
commentaries
on
the
Tipitaka
and
texts
such
as
the
Visuddhimagga,
which
are
central
to
Theravada
Buddhist
doctrine,
established
Theravada
Mahaviharan
orthodoxy
here.
Monks
living
at
the
Mahavihara
were
referred
to
as
Mahaviharavasins.
In
the
5th
century,
the
"Mahavihara"
was
possibly
the
most
sophisticated
university
in
southern
or
eastern
Asia.
Many
international
scholars
visited
and
learned
many
disciplines
under
highly
structured
instruction.
Three
subdivisions
of
Theravāda
existed
in
Sri
Lanka
during
much
of
Buddhism's
early
history
there:
Mahāvihāra,
Abhayagiri
vihāra,
and
Jetavana.Mahāvihāra
was
the
first
tradition
established,
whereas
monks
who
had
separated
from
the
Mahāvihāra
tradition
established
Abhayagiri
vihāra
and
Jetavana
vihāra.According
to
A.K.
Warder,
the
Indian
Mahīśāsaka
sect
also
established
itself
in
Sri
Lanka
concurrently
with
Theravāda,
into
which
it
was
later
absorbed.Northern
regions
of
Sri
Lanka
also
seem
to
have
been
ceded
to
sects
from
India
at
certain
times.
According
to
the
Mahavamsa,
the
Anuradhapura
mahavihara
was
destroyed
during
sectarian
conflicts
with
the
monks
of
the
Abhayagiri
vihāra
during
the
4th
century.These
Mahayana
monks
incited
Mahasena
of
Anuradhapura
to
destroy
Anuradhapura
vihāra.
As
a
result
of
this,
a
later
king
expelled
the
Mahayanins
from
Sri
Lanka.
The
traditional
Theravadin
account
provided
by
the
Mahavamsa
stands
in
contrast
to
the
writings
of
the
Chinese
Buddhist
monk
Faxian,
who
journeyed
to
India
and
Sri
Lanka
in
the
early
5th
century
(between
399
and
414
CE).
He
first
entered
Sri
Lanka
around
406
CE
and
began
writing
about
his
experiences
in
detail.
He
recorded
that
the
Mahavihara
was
not
only
intact,
but
housed
3000
monks.
He
also
provides
an
account
of
a
cremation
at
Mahavihara
that
he
personally
attended
of
a
highly
respected
śramaṇa
who
attained
the
arhatship.Faxian
also
recorded
the
concurrent
existence
of
the
Abhayagiri
Vihara,
and
that
this
monastery
housed
5000
monks.In
the
7th
century
CE,
Xuanzang
also
describes
the
concurrent
existence
of
both
monasteries
in
Sri
Lanka.
Xuanzang
wrote
of
two
major
divisions
of
Theravāda
in
Sri
Lanka,
referring
to
the
Abhayagiri
tradition
as
the
"Mahāyāna
Sthaviras,"
and
the
Mahāvihāra
tradition
as
the
"Hīnayāna
Sthaviras."Xuanzang
further
writes,
"The
Mahāvihāravāsins
reject
the
Mahāyāna
and
practice
the
Hīnayāna,
while
the
Abhayagirivihāravāsins
study
both
Hīnayāna
and
Mahāyāna
teachings
and
propagate
the
Tripiṭaka."
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