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The Tuileries
Garden (French: Jardin
des
Tuileries, IPA: [ʒaʁdɛ̃
de
tɥilʁi])
is
a
public
garden
located
between
the Louvre and
the Place
de
la
Concorde in
the 1st
arrondissement
of
Paris, France.
Created
by Catherine
de'
Medici as
the
garden
of
the Tuileries
Palace in
1564,
it
was
eventually
opened
to
the
public
in
1667
and
became
a
public
park
after
the French
Revolution.
In
the
19th,
20th
and
21st
centuries,
it
was
a
place
where
Parisians
celebrated,
met,
strolled
and
relaxed.
In
July
1559,
after
the
accidental
death
of
her
husband, Henry
II,
Queen Catherine
de
Medici decided
to
leave
her
residence
of
the Hôtel
des
Tournelles,
at
the
eastern
part
of
Paris,
near
the Bastille.
Together
with
her
son,
the
new
king
of
France François
II,
her
other
children
and
the
royal
court,
she
moved
to
the Louvre
Palace.
Five
years
later,
in
1564,
she
commissioned
the
construction
of
a
new
palace
just
beyond
the wall
of
Charles
V,
not
far
from
the
Louvre,
from
which
it
would
be
separated
by
a
neighborhood
of
private
hotels,
churches,
convents,
and
the Hospice
des
Quinze-Vingts near
the Porte
Saint-Honoré.
For
that
purpose,
Catherine
had
bought
land
west
of
Paris,
on
the
other
side
of
the
portion
of
the
wall
of
Charles
V
situated
between
the Tour
du
Bois and
the
14th
century
Porte
Saint-Honoré.
It
was
bordered
on
the
south
by
the Seine,
and
on
the
north
by
the faubourg
Saint-Honoré,
a
road
in
the
countryside
continuing
the Rue
Saint-Honoré.
Since
the
13th
century
this
area
had
been
occupied
by
tile-making
factories
called tuileries (from
the
French tuile,
meaning
"tile").
Catherine
further
commissioned
a
landscape
architect
from
Florence,
Bernard
de
Carnesse,
to
create
an Italian
Renaissance
garden,
with
fountains,
a labyrinth,
a grotto,
and
decorated
with faience images
of
plants
and
animals,
made
by Bernard
Palissy,
whom
Catherine
had
tasked
to
discover
the
secret
of
Chinese porcelain.
The
garden
of
Catherine
de'
Medici
was
an
enclosed
space
five
hundred
metres
long
and
three
hundred
metres
wide,
separated
from
the
new
palace
by
a
lane.
It
was
divided
into
rectangular
compartments
by
six
alleys,
and
the
sections
were
planted
with
lawns,
flower
beds,
and
small
clusters
of
five
trees,
called quinconces;
and,
more
practically,
with
kitchen
gardens
and
vineyards.
The
Tuileries
garden
was
the
largest
and
most
beautiful
garden
in
Paris
at
the
time.
Catherine
used
it
for
lavish
royal
festivities
honoring
ambassadors
from Queen
Elizabeth
I of
England,
and
the
marriage
of
her
daughter, Marguerite
de
Valois,
to
Henri
III
of
Navarre,
better
known
as Henry
IV,
King
of
France
and
of
Navarre.
Garden
of
Henry
IV
King Henry
III was
forced
to
flee
Paris
in
1588,
and
the
gardens
fell
into
disrepair.
His
successor, Henry
IV (1589–1610),
and
his
gardener, Claude
Mollet,
restored
the
gardens,
built
a
covered
promenade
the
length
of
the
garden,
and
a
parallel
alley
planted
with mulberry trees
where
he
hoped
to
cultivate silkworms and
start
a
silk
industry
in
France.
He
also
built
a
rectangular
ornamental
lake
of
65
metres
by
45
metres
with
a
fountain
supplied
with
water
by
the
new
pump
called La
Samaritaine,
which
had
been
built
in
1608
on
the Pont
Neuf.
The
area
between
the
palace
and
the
former
moat
of Charles
V was
turned
into
the
"New
Garden"
(Jardin
Neuf)
with
a
large
fountain
in
the
center.
Though
Henry
IV
never
lived
in
the
Tuilieries
Palace,
which
was
continually
under
reconstruction,
he
did
use
the
gardens
for
relaxation
and
exercise.
Garden
of
Louis
XIII
The
Tuileries
Garden
in
1652
with
the
Parterre
de
Mademoiselle
east
of
the
Palace
In
1610,
at
the
death
of
his
father, Louis
XIII became
the
new
owner
of
the
Tuileries
Gardens
at
the
age
of
nine.
It
became
his
enormous
playground
-
he
used
it
for
hunting,
and
he
kept
a
menagerie
of
animals.
On
the
north
side
of
the
gardens,
Marie
de'
Medici
established
a
riding
school,
stables,
and
a
covered
manege
for
exercising
horses.
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