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The Nilgiri
Biosphere
Reserve is
an International
Biosphere
Reserve in
the Western
Ghats and Nilgiri
Hills ranges
of South
India.
The
Nilgiri
Sub-Cluster
is
a
part
of
the
Western
Ghats,
which
was
declared
a
World
Heritage
Site
by
UNESCO
in
2012.[1] It
includes
the Aralam, Mudumalai, Mukurthi, Nagarhole, Bandipur and Silent
Valley national
parks,
as
well
as
the Wayanad and Sathyamangalam wildlife
sanctuaries.
A
fascinating
ecosystem
of
the
hill
ranges
of
Nilgiris
and
its
surrounding
environments
covering
a
tract
of
over
5000
square
kilometers
was
constituted
as
Nilgiris
Biosphere
Reserve
by
UNESCO
in
September
1986
under
Man
and
Biosphere
Programme.
Nilgiris
Biosphere
Reserve
is
India's
first
and
foremost
biosphere
reserves
with
a
heritage,
rich
in
flora
and
fauna.
Tribal
groups
like
the
Todas,
Kotas,
Irullas,
Kurumbas,
Paniyas,
Adiyans,
Edanadan
Chettis,
Allar,
Malayan,
etc.,
are
native
to
the
reserve.[
The
reserve
encompasses
5,520 km²
in
the
states
of Tamil
Nadu (2537.6 km²), Karnataka(1527.4 km²)
and Kerala (1455.4 km²).
It
forms
an
almost
complete
ring
around
the Nilgiri
Plateau.
The
biosphere
lies
between
10°50′N
and
12°16′N
latitude
and
76°00′E
to
77°15′E
longitude.
The
reserve
extends
from
the tropical
and
subtropical
moist
broadleaf
forests,
tropical
moist
forests
of
the
western
slopes
of
the
Ghats
to
the
tropical
and
subtropical
dry
broadleaf
forests
tropical
dry
forests
on
the
east
slopes.
Rainfall
ranges
from
500mm
to
7000mm
per
year.
The
reserve
encompasses
three
ecoregions,
the South
Western
Ghats
moist
deciduous
forests, South
Western
Ghats
montane
rain
forests,
and South
Deccan
Plateau
dry
deciduous
forests.
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