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The
Văn
Miếu
was
built
in
1070
and
was
reconstructed
during
the
Trần
dynasty
(1225–1400)
and
in
the
subsequent
dynasties.
For
nearly
two
centuries,
despite
wars
and
disasters,
the
temple
has
preserved
ancient
architectural
styles
of
many
dynasties
as
well
as
precious
relics.
Major
restorations
have
taken
place
in
1920,
1954
and
2000.
"In
the
autumn
of
the
year
Canh
Tuất,
the
second
year
of
Thần
Vũ
(1070),
in
the
8th
lunar
month,
during
the
reign
of
King
Lý
Thánh
Tông,
the
Văn
Miếu
was
built.
The
statues
of
Confucius,
his
four
best
disciples:
Yan
Hui
(Nhan
Hồi),
Zengzi
(Tăng
Tử),
Zisi
(Tử
Tư),
and
Mencius
(Mạnh
Tử),
as
well
as
the
Duke
of
Zhou
(Chu
Công),
were
carved
and
72
other
statues
of
Confucian
scholars
were
painted.
Ceremonies
were
dedicated
to
them
in
each
of
the
four
seasons.
The
Crown
Princes
studied
here."
In
1076,
Vietnam's
first
university,
the
"Quốc
Tử
Giám"
or
Imperial
Academy,
was
established
within
the
temple
during
the
reign
of
Lý
Nhân
Tông
to
educate
Vietnam's
bureaucrats,
nobles,
royalty,
and
other
members
of
the
elite.
The
university
remained
open
from
1076
to
1779.
In
1802,
the
Nguyễn
dynasty's
monarchs
founded
the
Huế
capital
where
they
established
a
new
imperial
academy.
The
academy
at
the
Hanoi
temple
lost
its
prominence
and
became
a
school
of
the
Hoài
Đức
District.
Under
the
French
protectorate,
the
Văn
Miếu
-
Quốc
Tử
Giám
was
registered
as
a
Monument
historique
in
1906.
During
the
period
of
1945–1954,
the
French
demolished
parts
of
the
temple
to
make
additional
room
for
the
Saint
Paul
Hospital
since
hospital
capacity
was
full
during
times
of
war.
Campaigns
of
restoration
were
pursued
in
1920
and
1947
under
the
responsibility
of
École
française
d'Extrême-Orient
(French
School
of
the
Far
East).
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