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Tsing
Ma
Bridge
is
a
bridge
in
Hong
Kong.
It
is
the
world's
11th-longest
span
suspension
bridge,
and
was
the
second
longest
at
time
of
completion.
The
bridge
was
named
after
two
of
the
islands
at
its
ends,
namely
Tsing
Yi
and
Ma
Wan.
It
has
two
decks
and
carries
both
road
and
rail
traffic,
which
also
makes
it
the
largest
suspension
bridge
of
this
type.
The
bridge
has
a
main
span
of
1,377
metres
(4,518 ft)
and
a
height
of
206
metres
(676 ft).
The
span
is
the
longest
of
all
bridges
in
the
world
carrying
rail
traffic.
The
41-metre-wide
(135 ft)
bridge
deck
carries
six
lanes
of
automobile
traffic,
with
three
lanes
in
each
direction.
The
lower
level
contains
two
rail
tracks
and
two
sheltered
carriageways
used
for
maintenance
access
and
traffic
lanes
when
particularly
severe
typhoons
strike
Hong
Kong
and
the
bridge
deck
is
closed
to
traffic.
Numerous
consortia
bid
on
the
contract
to
construct
the
bridge.
Hyundai
made
the
lowest
bid
but
were
disqualified
for
non-compliance
with
the
financial
requirements.
A
Japanese
bid
was
ruled
out
for
being
too
expensive.
An
Anglo-Japanese
joint
venture,
comprising
Costain,
Mitsui,
and
Trafalgar
House,
won
the
job.
Construction
work
on
the
bridge
began
in
June
1992.
Gammon
Construction
constructed
the
caissons
for
the
bridge
towers.
The
framework
for
each
caisson
was
floated
into
place
and
sunk,
and
then
filled
with
concrete
underwater.
The
two
caissons
on
the
Ma
Wan
side
weigh
4,500
tons
each,
while
those
on
the
Tsing
Yi
side
(closer
to
shore)
each
weigh
about
3,000
tons.
Land
reclamation
was
carried
out
at
both
ends
of
the
bridge.
The
more
substantial
reclamation
on
Ma
Wan
was
used
as
a
work
platform
for
construction
crews.
The
first
steel
deck
segment
was
lifted
into
place
in
late
1994.[6]
The
approach
deck
segments
were
constructed
in
Britain
and
Dubai
and
then
shipped
to
Hong
Kong
for
assembling.
The
main
span
segments
were
built
by
Cleveland
in
the
U.K.
and
by
Mitsui
in
Japan.
The
climbing
cranes
used
to
erect
the
tower
portals
were
coincidentally
also
used
on
the
HSBC
Main
Building
a
decade
earlier,
as
well
as
at
Canary
Wharf
in
the
interim.
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