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Golkonda
was
originally
known
as
Mankal.[1] Golkonda
Fort
was
first
built
by
the Kakatiya
Kamma
Kings as
part
of
their
western
defenses
along
the
lines
of
the Kondapalli
Fort.
The
city
and
the
fortress
were
built
on
a granite hill
that
is
120
meters
(390 ft)
high,
surrounded
by
massive battlements.
The
fort
was
rebuilt
and
strengthened
by
Rani Rudrama
Devi and
her
successor Prataparudra.[2][3] Later,
the
fort
came
under
the
control
of
the Musunuri
Kamma
Kings,
who
defeated
the Tughlaqi army
occupying Warangal.[4] It
was
ceded
by
the Musunuri
Kapaya
Bhupathi to
the Bahmani
Sultanate as
part
of
a
treaty
in
1364.[5][6]
Under
the
Bahmani
Sultanate,
Golkonda
slowly
rose
to
prominence.
Sultan Quli
Qutb-ul-Mulk (r.
1487–1543),
sent
as
a
governor
of
Telangana,
established
it
as
the
seat
of
his
government
around
1501.
Bahmani
rule
gradually
weakened
during
this
period,
and
Sultan
Quli
formally
became
independent
in
1538,
establishing
the Qutb
Shahi
dynasty based
in
Golkonda.[7][8] Over
a
period
of
62
years,
the
mud
fort
was
expanded
by
the
first
three
Qutb
Shahi
sultans
into
the
present
structure,
a
massive fortification of
granite
extending
around
5 km
(3.1 mi)
in circumference.
It
remained
the
capital
of
the
Qutb
Shahi
dynasty
until
1590
when
the
capital
was
shifted
to Hyderabad.
The
Qutb
Shahis
expanded
the
fort,
whose
7 km
(4.3 mi)
outer
wall
enclosed
the
city.
The
fort
finally
fell
into
ruin
in
1687,
after
an
eight
year
long
siege
leading
to
its
fall
at
the
hands
of
the Mughalemperor Aurangzeb.[9]
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