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Dal is
a
lake
in Srinagar (Dal
Lake
is
a
misnomer
as
Dal
in
Kashmiri
means
lake),
the
summer
capital
of Jammu
and
Kashmir.
The
urban
lake,
which
is
the
second
largest
in
the
state,
is
integral
to
tourism
and
recreation
in
Kashmir
and
is
named
the
"Jewel
in
the
crown
of
Kashmir"[1]Â or
"Srinagar's
Jewel".[2]Â The
lake
is
also
an
important
source
for
commercial
operations
in
fishing
and
water
plant
harvesting.[3][4][5]
Dal
Lakeďżź
Dal
and
the shikaras
LocationSrinagar, Jammu
and
Kashmir, IndiaCoordinates34°07â˛N 74°52â˛ELake
typeWarm
monomicticPrimary
inflowsInflow
Channel
Telbal
Nallah
from
Marsar
lake
â291.9
million
cubic
metresPrimary
outflowsRegulated,
two
channels
(Dal
Gate
and
Nalla
Amir)
â
275.6
million
cubic
metresCatchment
area316
square
kilometres
(122 sq mi)Basin countriesIndiaMax.
length7.44Â km
(4.62Â mi)Max.
width3.5Â km
(2.2Â mi)Surface
area18â22
square
kilometres
(6.9â8.5 sq mi)Average
depth1.42
metres
(4.7Â ft)Max.
depth6Â m
(20Â ft)Water
volume983Â million
cubic
metres
(34.7Ă109 cu ft)Residence time22.16
daysShore
length115.5Â km
(9.6Â mi)Surface
elevation1,583Â m
(5,194Â ft)FrozenDuring
severe
winterIslandsTwo
(Sona
Lank
and
Rupa
Lank
(or Char
Chinar))SettlementsHazratbal,
Srinagar1Â Shore
length
is not
a
well-defined
measure.
The
shore
line
of
the
lake,
is
about
15.5
kilometres
(9.6Â mi),
is
encompassed
by
a
boulevard
lined
with Mughal
era gardens,
parks, houseboats and
hotels.
Scenic
views
of
the
lake
can
be
witnessed
from
the
shore
line
Mughal
gardens,
such
as Shalimar
Bagh and Nishat
Bagh built
during
the
reign
of Mughal Emperor
Jahangir[6]Â and
from
houseboats
cruising
along
the
lake
in
the
colourful shikaras.[7] During
the
winter
season,
the
temperature
sometimes
reaches
â11 °C
(12 °F),
freezing
the
lake.[5][8]
The
lake
covers
an
area
of
18
square
kilometres
(6.9 sq mi)
and
is
part
of
a
natural
wetland
which
covers
21.1
square
kilometres
(8.1 sq mi),
including
its
floating
gardens.
The
floating
gardens,
known
as
"Rad"
in Kashmiri,
blossom
with lotus flowers
during
July
and
August.
The
wetland
is
divided
by causeways into
four basins; Gagribal, Lokut
Dal, Bod
Dal and Nagin (although
Nagin
is
also
considered
as
an
independent
lake).
Lokut-dal
and
Bod-dal
each
have
an
island
in
the
centre,
known
as Rup
Lank (or Char
Chinari)
and Sona
Lankrespectively.[8][9]
At
present,
the
Dal
and
its
Mughal
gardens, Shalimar
Bagh and
the Nishat
Bagh on
its
periphery
are
undergoing
intensive
restoration
measures
to
fully
address
the
serious eutrophication problems
experienced
by
the
lake.
Massive
investments
of
approximately
US$275
million
(âšÂ 11 billion)
are
being
made
by
the Government
of
India to
restore
the
lake
to
its
original
splendour.[5][8][9][10][11]
HistoryEdit
ďżź
Dal,
Srinagar
Dal
is
mentioned
as Mahasarit (Sanskrti-ऎचञसरितŕĽ)
in
ancient Sanskrit texts.
Ancient
history
records
mention
that
a
village
named
Isabar
to
the
east
of
Dal
was
the
residence
of
goddess Durga.[citation
needed]Â This
place
was
known
as
Sureshwari
on
the
bank
of
the
lake,
which
was
sourced
by
a
spring
called
the
Satadhara.[citation
needed]
During
the
Mughal
period,
the
Mughal
rulers
of
India
designated
Kashmir,
Srinagar
in
particular,
as
their
summer
resort.[12][13]Â They
developed
the
precincts
of
the
Dal
in
Srinagar
with
sprawling
Mughal-type
gardens
and
pavilions
as
pleasure
resorts
to
enjoy
the
salubrious
cool
climate.[12]After
the
death
of Aurangzeb in
1707,
which
led
to
the
disintegration
of
the
Mughal
Empire,[14]Pashtun tribes
in
the
area
around
the
lake
and
city
increased,
and
the
Afghan Durrani
Empire ruled
the
city
for
several
decades.[15]Â In
1814
a
significant
part
of
the
Kashmir
valley,
including
Srinagar,
was
annexed
from
the
Afghans
by Raja
Ranjit
Singh to
his
kingdom,
and
the Sikhs grew
in
influence
in
the
region
for
27
years.[16][17]
ďżź
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