4/5 Gagandeep s. 6 years ago on Google
Education
in
India is
provided
by
the public
sector as
well
as
the private
sector,
with
control
and
funding
coming
from
three
levels: central, state and local.
Under
various
articles
of
the Indian
Constitution,
free
and
compulsory
education
is
provided
as
a
fundamental
right
to
children
between
the
ages
of
6
and
14.
The
ratio
of
public
schools
to
private
schools
in
India
is
7:5.
Education
in
the
Republic
of
IndiaMinister
of
Human
Resource
DevelopmentPrakash
JavadekarBudget₹99,100
crore(US$15 billion)Primary
languagesEnglish,
or Indian
languagesSystem
typeFederal,
State
or
PrivateEstablished
Compulsory
Education1
April
2010Total74%[1]Male82.2%Female65.5%Total(N/A)Primary93%Secondary69%Post
secondary25%
India has
made
progress
in
terms
of
increasing
the primary
education attendance
rate
and
expanding literacy to
approximately
three-quarters
of
the
population
in
the
7–10
age
group,
by
2011.[3] India's
improved
education
system
is
often
cited
as
one
of
the
main
contributors
to
its economic
development.[4] Much
of
the
progress,
especially
in higher
education and
scientific
research,
has
been
credited
to
various
public
institutions.
While
enrollment
in higher
education has
increased
steadily
over
the
past
decade,
reaching
a
Gross
Enrollment
Ratio
of
24%
in
2013,[5] there
still
remains
a
significant
distance
to
catch
up
with tertiary
education enrollment
levels
of
developed
nations,[6] a
challenge
that
will
be
necessary
to
overcome
in
order
to
continue
to
reap
a demographic
dividend from
India's
comparatively
young
population.
At
the
primary
and secondary level,
India
has
a
large private
school
system complementing
the
government
run
schools,
with
29%
of
students
receiving
private
education
in
the
6
to
14
age
group.[7] Certain
post-secondary technical
schools are
also
private.
The
private
education
market
in
India
had
a
revenue
of
US$450
million
in
2008,
but
is
projected
to
be
a
US$40
billion
market.[8]
As
per
the
Annual
Status
of
Education
Report
(ASER)
2012,
96.5%
of
all
rural
children
between
the
ages
of
6-14
were
enrolled
in
school.
This
is
the
fourth
annual
survey
to
report
enrollment
above
96%.
Another
report
from
2013
stated
that
there
were
22.9
crore
students
enrolled
in
different
accredited
urban
and
rural
schools
of
India,
from
Class
I
to
XII,
representing
an
increase
of
23
lakh
students
over
2002
total
enrollment,
and
a
19%
increase
in
girl's
enrollment.[9] While
quantitatively
India
is
inching
closer
to
universal
education,
the
quality
of
its
education
has
been
questioned
particularly
in
its
government
run
school
system.
Some
of
the
reasons
for
the
poor
quality
include
absence
of
around
25%
of
teachers
every
day.[10] States
of
India
have
introduced
tests
and
education
assessment
system
to
identify
and
improve
such
schools.[11]
It
is
important
to
clarify
that
while
there
are
private
schools
in
India,
they
are
highly
regulated
in
terms
of
what
they
can
teach,
in
what
form
they
can
operate
(must
be
a
non-profit
to
run
any
accredited
educational
institution)
and
all
other
aspects
of
operation.
Hence,
the
differentiation
of
government
schools
and
private
schools
can
be
misleading.[12]
In
India's
higher
education
system,
a
significant
number
of
seats
are
reserved
under affirmative
action policies
for
the
historically
disadvantaged Scheduled
Castes
and
Scheduled
Tribes and Other
Backward
Classes.
In
universities,
colleges,
and
similar
institutions
affiliated
to
the
federal
government,
there
is
a
maximum
50%
of
reservations
applicable
to
these
disadvantaged
groups,
at
the
state
level
it
can
vary. Maharashtra had
73%
reservation
in
2014,
which
is
the
highest
percentage
of
reservations
in
India.
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