4/5 Moon K. 5 years ago on Google
(Translated
by
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Qing'an
Hall,
also
known
as
Mindong
Tianhou
Palace
and
North
Hall,
is
a
Tianhou
Palace
and
Guild
Hall
building
in
Ningbo,
Zhejiang
Province,
China.
Qing'an
Hall
is
located
in
Jiangdong
Road
(original
wooden
road)
in
Yinzhou
District.
It
is
named
after
the
"Hai
Bu
Yang
Bo
Qing
An
An",
the
Tianhou
Palace
and
the
Guild
Hall
of
the
Ningbo
North
Shipyard
in
the
late
Qing
Dynasty.
The
Qing'an
Hall
was
built
in
the
Qing
Dynasty
(1853).
It
is
the
only
existing
ancient
building
complex
in
the
south
of
the
Yangtze
River
with
the
functions
of
the
Tianhou
Palace
and
the
Guild
Hall.
It
is
also
the
only
preserved
building
in
Zhejiang
Province.
The
building
of
the
Qing'an
Hall
is
quite
unique,
and
there
are
records
in
the
book
of
"Glory
and
Geek,
a
crown
of
architecture".
After
the
reform
and
opening
up,
the
Anzhen
Hall,
located
on
the
north
side
of
the
Qing'an
Hall,
moved
to
the
south
side
of
the
Qing'an
Hall,
forming
a
pattern
of
two
halls
in
the
same
area.
It
is
now
a
Zhedong
Maritime
Folk
Museum.
The
Qing'an
Club
was
built
in
the
30th
year
of
Daoguang
(1850)
and
was
completed
three
years
later.
It
was
built
in
1950
by
the
ship
owner
of
Shenyang,
Shen
Fa,
in
the
second
year
of
Song
Shaoxi
(1191),
the
temple
of
Ningbo
Tianzhu
Palace.
Destroyed
by
bombing).
At
that
time,
due
to
the
implementation
of
the
grain
shipping,
the
strength
of
the
North
Shipbuilding
of
Ningbo
to
operate
the
North
Shipping
was
gradually
expanding,
and
an
independent
business
headquarters
was
urgently
needed.
Therefore,
the
Qing'an
Hall
was
jointly
established
by
nine
influential
Beihai
seafarers
in
Cixi,
Qixian
and
Zhenhai.
In
November
of
the
fourth
year
of
Xianfeng,
due
to
the
pirate
attack
on
the
North
Road,
the
loss
was
huge.
Cixi
people
Fei
Lunzhen,
Sheng
Zhizhen
and
Zhenhai
Xiaogang
Ren
Li
Yeting
proposed
to
purchase
Western
ships
to
transport
food
for
the
ship.
The
sand
boat
escorted
and
received
the
response
from
the
shipowners.
The
following
year,
the
ship
was
named
"Baoshun
Wheel"
and
began
to
escort
the
sand
boat,
which
was
very
effective.
Dong
Pei’s
“The
Beginning
and
End
of
Baoshun
Ship”
has
been
preserved
in
the
Qing’an
Hall.
During
the
Republic
of
China,
Muxing
Road
gradually
declined,
and
the
Qing'an
Hall
was
also
transformed
into
Muxing
Road
Primary
School.
During
the
Cultural
Revolution,
the
construction
of
the
Qing'an
Hall
was
seriously
damaged.
In
1997,
the
cultural
department
of
Ningbo
City
repaired
the
Qing'an
Guild
Hall
and
restored
the
shape
of
the
Qing'an
Guild
Hall
as
a
hall.
In
June
2001,
the
Qing'an
Guild
Hall
was
included
in
the
fifth
batch
of
national
key
cultural
relics
protection
units,
and
is
now
the
seat
of
the
Zhedong
Maritime
Folk
Museum.
The
building
structure
of
Qing'an
Hall
is
a
typical
modern
wooden
structure.
From
the
outside
to
the
inside
are
the
palace
gate,
the
instrument
gate,
the
front
stage,
the
main
hall,
the
rear
stage
and
the
apse.
The
shape
of
the
double
stage
is
an
important
feature.
The
structure
adopts
the
traditional
Chinese
courtyard
structure,
which
extends
forward
along
the
longitudinal
axis,
and
raises
the
height
of
each
building
layer
by
layer,
making
the
building
have
a
sense
of
depth.
The
palace
gate
of
Qing'an
Hall
is
a
brick
wall
gatehouse.
The
roof
is
in
the
form
of
a
beam-shaped
hard
mountain
top
with
a
Sanmatou
gable.
Most
of
the
wooden
components
are
decorated
with
Zhujin
wood
carving
technique.
The
middle
of
the
palace
gate
is
the
three
characters
of
the
"Tianhou
Palace",
with
14
figures
of
brick
carvings
on
both
sides.
Entering
the
palace
gate
is
the
instrument
gate.
The
roof
of
the
instrument
door
is
in
the
form
of
a
bucket-type
heavy
mountain
top
and
a
four-headed
gable.
The
main
body
of
the
building
is
supported
by
six
dragon
stone
columns.
Entering
the
instrument
door
is
the
front
stage.
The
roof
of
the
stage
is
the
top
of
the
mountain,
with
a
bucket
arch
and
a
sculpted
beast.
The
theme
of
the
stage
is
wooden
structure,
and
a
large
number
of
Zhujin
wood
carving
techniques
are
used
to
express
the
content
of
the
drama.
The
main
hall
of
the
main
hall
of
the
Qing'an
Hall
is
in
the
form
of
a
beam-shaped
heavy
mountain
top
with
a
five-headed
gable.
In
the
second
time,
the
tip
is
a
hard-topped
mountain
with
a
bucket,
and
at
the
same
time,
it
forms
a
false
break
on
the
top
of
the
mountain.
Further
inside,
it
is
the
rear
stage,
and
the
shape
is
basically
the
same
as
that
of
the
front
stage.
The
innermost
is
the
apse,
and
the
roof
of
the
Ming
Dynasty
is
a
beam-topped
heavy
mountaintop
with
a
four-headed
gable.
The
second
and
the
tip
are
the
hard
tops
of
the
bucket.
The
apse
is
the
place
where
the
board
of
directors
of
the
former
Qing'an
Club
is
negotiating
matters,
and
it
is
also
the
place
for
the
Spring
and
Autumn
industry
gatherings.
Brick
carving
is
an
important
artistic
feature
of
the
Qing'an
Club.
Brick
carvings
are
mainly
distributed
in
the
gatehouse
and
gable.
On
the
two
sides
of
the
main
entrance
of
the
hall,
the
"Dragon
Palace"
is
a
pattern
of
"Shuanglong
Play
Pearl".
The
roof
bricks
are
mostly
made
of
gods
and
auspicious
patterns.
The
roof
of
the
stage
is
carved
with
a
dragon,
and
the
ridge
is
engraved
with
Kuixing
and
Ruiyu.
The
most
abundant
is
the
brick
carving
of
Shantou.
The
focus
of
the
sculpture
is
on
the
lower
part
of
the
skull,
which
is
used
to
represent
characters
and
dramatic
plots.
Stone
carving
is
another
feature
of
the
architectural
art
of
the
Qing'an
Guild
Hall.
It
is
represented
by
a
pair
of
dragons
and
a
pair
of
phoenix
stone
peony
pillars.
According
to
legend,
this
group
of
masts
came
from
Fujian
Xinghua
(now
Putian
City)
and
arrived
in
Ningbo
by
water.
The
image
of
the
dragon
in
the
dragon's
scorpion
column
flies
down
from
the
roof
with
two
bats
around
the
column,
meaning
a
blessing.
The
phoenix
peony
column
is
half
embedded
in
the
wall,
with
phoenix
up
and
down
and
peony
in
the
middle.
These
pillars
are
carved
from
the
whole
stone,
and
through
the
technique
of
hollowing
out,
the
image
of
dragon
and
phoenix
flying
between
the
clouds
is
created.
In
addition,
the
stone
carvings
on
the
wall
base,
the
Imperial
Road,
the
pillar
foundation,
etc.
also
have
their
own
characteristics.
Wood
carvings
are
commonly
used
in
the
wooden
components
of
the
Qing'an
Hall.
A
large
number
of
wood
carving
techniques
are
used
for
the
scorpion,
the
bird,
the
arch,
the
baffle,
and
the
vertical
column.
The
wood
carvings
of
the
Qing'an
Hall
use
the
native
Zhu
Jin
wood
carving
crafts
of
Ningbo,
and
the
content
is
from
the
landscape
to
the
folk
stories.
The
fixed
exhibition
of
the
Qing'an
Guild
Hall
(excluding
the
Anzhen
Guild
Hall
belonging
to
the
same
museum)
is
the
exhibition
of
China·Ningbo
Ship
History
Exhibition.
In
addition
to
the
fixed
exhibitions,
temporary
exhibitions
are
also
held
on
a
regular
basis.
In
addition,
the
important
exhibit
is
Jiang
Yalun
Wood
Rudder.
The
Qing'an
Guild
Hall
currently
has
a
China-Ningbo
Ship
History
Exhibition,
which
displays
various
ships
and
their
models
from
ancient
times
to
China,
especially
in
Ningbo,
including
the
buildings,
the
"Wanyu"
Shenzhou,
the
sand
boat,
the
Fuzhou,
the
Baozhou
and
China.
The
first
ship
of
the
self-running
Baoshun
round.
The
Jiangya
shipwreck
occurred
on
December
3,
1948,
was
the
biggest
shipwreck
in
modern
China.
In
2000,
Wenzhou
people
Wu
Jinlong
and
Chen
Xiaoyu
fired
a
fire
on
the
Dongfanghong
No.
8
wheel
of
the
Changhang
Group
(that
is,
the
vessel
was
rebuilt
after
the
salvage
of
the
original
Jiang
Yalun),
causing
the
ship
to
burn
down.
Wu
Jinlong
and
Chen
Xiaoyu
sent
the
only
wooden
rudder
of
Jiang
Yalun
to
the
collection
of
the
Zhedong
Maritime
Folk
Museum.
The
wooden
rudder
is
now
in
the
main
hall
of
the
Qing'an
Hall
for
people
to
visit.
The
general
ticket
for
the
Qing'an
Clubhouse
is
10
yuan,
and
the
children
and
students
are
folded
in
half.
Opening
hours
are
from
8:30
to
16:30
daily.
(Original)
慶安會館,又名甬東天后宮、北號會館,是中國浙江省寧波市一處天后宮和會館建築。慶安會館位於鄞州區江東北路(原木行路),得名於「海不揚波慶兮安瀾」,是晚清時期寧波北號船幫的天后宮和會館。慶安會館建成於清咸豐三年(1853年),是江南現存唯一兼具天后宮與會館功能的古建築群,也是浙江省唯一保存完整的會館建築。
慶安會館建築頗具特色,志書中有「輝煌煊赫,為一邑建築冠」的記載。改革開放後,原址位於慶安會館北側的安瀾會館遷至慶安會館南側,在同一區域形成兩會館並列的格局。現闢為浙東海事民俗博物館。
慶安會館始建於道光三十年(1850年),三年後落成,為福建船主沈法旬於宋紹熙二年(1191年)興建的寧波天妃宮的分廟(寧波天妃宮於1950年毀於轟炸)。當時,由於實施漕糧海運,寧波經營北方航運的北號船幫實力日漸擴大,因而迫切需要一個獨立的經營總部。
因而,慶安會館由慈谿、鄞縣、鎮海的九個具有影響力的的北號海漕業者共同倡議建立。
咸豐四年11月,由於北號船幫在漕運航路上備受海盜襲擊,損失巨大,慈谿人費綸鋕、盛植琯和鎮海小港人李也亭在慶安會館提出購置西洋輪船為船幫運送糧食的沙船護航,獲得各位船商響應。次年,輪船定名「寶順輪」並開始為沙船護航,收效很大。董沛撰寫的《寶順輪船始末》至今保存在慶安會館。
中華民國時期,木行路逐漸衰落,慶安會館也被改造為木行路小學。文化大革命時,慶安會館建築損毀嚴重。1997年,寧波市文化部門對慶安會館進行了修復,恢復了慶安會館作為會館的形制。2001年6月,慶安會館被列入第五批全國重點文物保護單位,現為浙東海事民俗博物館所在地。
慶安會館建築結構為典型近代木結構建築。從外到內依次為宮門、儀門、前戲台、正殿、後戲台和後殿。雙戲台的形制是其重要的特色。結構上採用中國傳統建築院落結構,沿縱軸向前延伸,同時逐層抬高每幢建築的高度,使得建築具有深度感。
慶安會館的宮門為磚牆門樓,屋頂形式為抬梁式硬山頂,設有三馬頭山牆。木製構件大都採用朱金木雕工藝進行裝飾。宮門正中為「天后宮」三個大字,兩旁設有十四幅人物磚雕。
進入宮門即為儀門。儀門屋頂形式為穿斗式重檐硬山頂,四馬頭山牆。建築主體依靠6根蟠龍石柱支撐。進入儀門即為前戲台。戲台屋頂為歇山頂,採用斗拱,雕刻有脊獸。戲台主題為木結構,大量採用朱金木雕工藝,表現所演戲劇故事內容。
慶安會館的正殿明間屋頂形式為抬梁式重檐硬山頂,設有五馬頭山牆。次間、梢間為穿斗式硬山頂,同時通過重檐構成假歇山頂。
再往內即為後戲台,形制與前戲台基本相同。
最內為後殿,明間屋頂為抬梁式重檐硬山頂,設有四馬頭山牆。次間、梢間為穿斗式硬山頂。後殿為原慶安會館董事會商議事宜的處所,也是春秋同業聚會的場所。
磚雕是慶安會館的重要藝術特色。磚雕作品主要分布於門樓、山牆。會館正門「天后宮」三字兩側為「雙龍戲珠」圖樣,模仿御牌。屋脊磚雕多採用神怪和吉祥圖案。戲台屋頂雕有卷龍,正脊雕有奎星和瑞獸圖案。最為豐富的是墀頭的磚雕。雕刻的重點為墀頭下部,採用影雕表現人物和戲劇情節。
石雕是慶安會館建築藝術的又一項特色,其代表是一對蟠龍和一對鳳凰牡丹石雕檐柱。相傳這批檐柱來自福建興化(今莆田市),通過水運到達寧波。蟠龍檐柱中龍的形象從屋頂伴著兩隻蝙蝠繞柱向下飛騰,寓意福氣。鳳凰牡丹檐柱半嵌於牆中,上下為鳳凰,中部為牡丹。這些檐柱採用整根石材雕刻而成,通過鏤空等技法創造出龍鳳在雲層間飛騰的形象。此外,牆基、御道、柱礎等處的石雕也各具特色。
木雕在慶安會館的木製構件中使用普遍。枋、雀替、斗拱、擋板、垂柱等部位使用了大量的木雕工藝。慶安會館的木雕均使用寧波本土的朱金木雕工藝,內容的取材從山水到民間故事無所不包。
慶安會館(不包括屬於同一博物館的安瀾會館)固定展覽為中國·寧波船史展陳列。除固定展覽外,也不定期地舉辦臨時展覽。此外,重要的展品為江亞輪木舵。
慶安會館目前設有中國·寧波船史展陳列,展出從古至今中國特別是寧波地區所出現的各種船隻及其模型,包括樓船、「萬斛」神舟、沙船、福船、寶船以及中國自辦的第一艘輪船寶順輪。
1948年12月3日發生的江亞輪海難是近代中國最大的海難。2000年,溫州人吳金龍、陳孝育在對長航集團東方紅8號輪(即原江亞輪打撈後改建船隻)實行報廢拆解時發生火災,使得輪船燒毀。吳金龍、陳孝育將江亞輪僅存的木舵送予浙東海事民俗博物館收藏。該木舵現存於慶安會館正殿供人參觀憑弔。
慶安會館普通門票10元人民幣,兒童與學生對摺。開放時間為每天8:30至16:30。