2/5 Aziz K. 5 years ago on Google
Born
and
raised
in
a Hindu merchant
caste family
in
coastal Gujarat, India,
and
trained
in
law
at
the Inner
Temple,
London,
Gandhi
first
employed
nonviolent
civil
disobedience
as
an
expatriate
lawyer
in
South
Africa,
in
the
resident
Indian
community's
struggle
for
civil
rights.
After
his
return
to
India
in
1915,
he
set
about
organising
peasants,
farmers,
and
urban
labourers
to
protest
against
excessive
land-tax
and
discrimination.
Assuming
leadership
of
the Indian
National
Congress in
1921,
Gandhi
led
nationwide
campaigns
for
various
social
causes
and
for
achieving Swaraj or
self-rule.
Gandhi
famously
led
Indians
in
challenging
the
British-imposed
salt
tax
with
the
400Â km
(250Â mi)Â Dandi
Salt
March in
1930,
and
later
in
calling
for
the
British
to Quit
India in
1942.
He
was
imprisoned
for
many
years,
upon
many
occasions,
in
both
South
Africa
and
India.
He
lived
modestly
in
a self-sufficient
residential
community and
wore
the
traditional
Indian dhoti and
shawl,
woven
with
yarn
hand-spun
on
a charkha.
He
ate
simple
vegetarian
food,
and
also undertook
long
fasts as
a
means
of
both
self-purification
and
political
protest.
Gandhi's
vision
of
an
independent
India
based
on religious
pluralism,
however,
was
challenged
in
the
early
1940s
by
a
new
Muslim
nationalism
which
was
demanding
a
separate
Muslim
homeland
carved
out
of
India.[10]Â Eventually,
in
August
1947,
Britain
granted
independence,
but
the
British
Indian
Empire[10] was partitioned into
two dominions,
a
Hindu-majority India and
Muslim-majority Pakistan.[11] As
many
displaced
Hindus,
Muslims,
and Sikhs made
their
way
to
their
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