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The
Jacqueline
Kennedy
Onassis
Reservoir,
also
known
as
the
Central
Park
Reservoir,
is
a
decommissioned
reservoir
in
Central
Park
in
Manhattan,
New
York
City,
stretching
from
86th
to
96th
Streets.
It
covers
an
area
of
ββ106
hectares
(43
acres)
and
holds
more
than
1
billion
US
gal
(3.8
million
cubic
meters)
of
water.
In
the
1850s,
Nicholas
Dean,
chairman
of
the
board
of
Croton's
aqueduct
water
distribution
system,
proposed
planning
a
central
park
around
its
existing
receiving
reservoir
(then
known
as
Yorkville
Reservoir
and
today
the
site
of
the
Great
Meadow
and
Turtle
Pond).
To
complete
the
distribution
system,
a
second
reservoir,
the
Central
Park
Reservoir,
was
completed
in
1862.
After
the
second
tank
was
built,
it
was
usually
called
the
upper
tank
style
and
the
Yorkville
tank
was
usually
called
the
lower
tank
style.
The
Lower
Reservoir
was
decommissioned
in
1903
and
demolished
in
the
1930s.
In
1993,
the
upper
reservoir
was
decommissioned
and
control
was
eventually
transferred
to
the
Department
of
Parks
and
Recreation.
The
reservoir
was
renamed
in
honor
of
Jacqueline
Kennedy
Onassis
in
1994
to
commemorate
her
many
contributions
to
the
city
and
because
she
enjoyed
jogging
in
the
area.
edit
In
the
1850s,
Central
Park
was
proposed
by
Nicholas
Dean,
chairman
of
the
Croton
Aqueduct
Board,
who
chose
the
site
because
of
the
35-acre
(14
ha),
150
million
US
gallon
(570
Γ
106
L)
receiving
reservoir
of
the
Croton
Aqueduct.
In
the
geographic
center
[1]
[2]
this
reservoir,
built
in
1842,
was
known
as
the
Yorkville
Reservoir
or
Lower
Reservoir
and
was
located
at
what
is
now
Turtle
Pond.
[3]
The
site
was
north
of
a
swamp
drained
by
the
Sawkill.
[4]
In
1857,
a
design
competition
was
held
for
Central
Park.
Entrants
were
required
to
meet
very
strict
specifications,
driving
at
least
four
east-west
transverse
roads
through
the
park,
a
parade
ground
of
20
to
40
hectares
(8.1
to
16.2
ha)
and
at
least
three
playgrounds
between
3
and
10
hectares
(1.2
and
4.0
ha).
).
In
addition,
the
plans
were
to
create
a
larger
"upper
reservoir"
for
the
Croton
Aqueduct.
[5]
:
PDF
pages
29-30β
[6]
[7]
:
24-25β
The
winning
design
was
Frederick
Law
Olmsted
and
Calvert
Wax
Greensward.
[8]
Vaux
designed
his
two-pump
house
from
Manhattan
schist
with
granite
veneers.
It
was
never
a
collection
tank,
but
a
supplement
to
a
smaller,
closer
tank.
[9]
For
months,
Central
Park
commissioners
faced
delays
and
resistance
from
the
New
York
City
Common
Council
as
they
tried
to
secure
funding.
[10]
:
477β
[β
11]
Dedicated
workforce
and
budget
flow
were
not
provided
until
June
1858.
Instead,
the
reservoir
will
be
built
by
the
Croton
Aqueduct
Board.
Work
on
the
reservoir
began
in
April
1858.
[12]
The
southern
portion
of
Central
Park
below
79th
Street
was
largely
completed
by
1860,
[13]
and
the
Croton
Aqueduct
Board
began
filling
the
reservoir
around
this
time.
[]
Upper
Reservoir
was
completed
in
1862.
[4]
The
1875
map
of
Central
Park
clearly
shows
the
Lower
and
Upper
Reservoir.
In
1875
Central
Park
The
reservoir
was
decommissioned
in
1993
after
it
was
deemed
obsolete
due
to
a
new
main
under
79th
Street
that
connected
to
the
Third
Water
Tunnel
and
due
to
growing
concerns
that
it
would
become
contaminated.
[]
Although
considered
obsolete,
it
remained
part
of
New
York's
water
supply
and
was
to
be
used
to
supplement
the
city's
high
water
supply
during
drought
emergencies.
[]
Concerns
about
the
reservoir's
future
grew
in
early
1992:
many
people
worried
that
the
city
would
put
grass
over
it,
as
it
had
done
in
the
1920s,
when
the
adjacent
lower
reservoir
was
deemed
obsolete
and
the
large
grass
over
the
reservoir.
developed
below.
Former
site
]
Despite
various
plans
to
reuse
the
Upper
Reservoir
site
for
other
purposes,
residents
and
advocates
wrote
letters
to
the
Central
Park
Conservancy
and
the
city
government
to
keep
the
reservoir
as
it
is.
In
1999,
documents
were
signed
for
the
transfer
of
the
reservoir
from
the
Department
of
Environmental
Protection
to
the
Department
of
Parks
and
Recreation.
The
year
1999
was
chosen
because
it
marked
the
completion
date
of
a
filtration
plant
in
Van
Cortlandt
Park,
near
Jerome
Reservoir
in
the
Bronx,
which
is
part
of
the
city's
Croton
water
supply
system.
Croton
water
treatment
plant
was
activated
in
2015
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