2/5 Kaushal S. 6 years ago on Google
Intrinsic
motivation
has
been
studied
since
the
early
1970s.
Intrinsic
motivation
is
the
self-desire
to
seek
out
new
things
and
new
challenges,
to
analyze
one's
capacity,
to
observe
and
to
gain
knowledge.[11] It
is
driven
by
an
interest
or
enjoyment
in
the
task
itself,
and
exists
within
the
individual
rather
than
relying
on
external
pressures
or
a
desire
for
consideration.
The
phenomenon
of
intrinsic
motivation
was
first
acknowledged
within
experimental
studies
of
animal
behavior.
In
these
studies,
it
was
evident
that
the
organisms
would
engage
in
playful
and
curiosity-driven
behaviors
in
the
absence
of reward.
Intrinsic
motivation
is
a
natural
motivational
tendency
and
is
a
critical
element
in
cognitive,
social,
and
physical
development.[12] The
two
necessary
elements
for
intrinsic
motivation
are self-determinationand
an
increase
in
perceived
competence.[13]In
short,
the
cause
of
the
behavior
must
be
internal,
known
as
internal
local
of
causality,
and
the
individual
who
engages
in
the
behavior
must
perceive
that
the
task
increases
their
competence.[12]
Students
who
are
intrinsically
motivated
are
more
likely
to
engage
in
the
task
willingly
as
well
as
work
to
improve
their
skills,
which
will
increase
their
capabilities.[14] Students
are
likely
to
be
intrinsically
motivated
if
they:
attribute
their
educational
results
to
factors
under
their
own
control,
also
known
as
autonomy
or locus
of
control
believe
they
have
the
skills
to
be
effective
agents
in
reaching
their
desired
goals,
also
known
as self-efficacy beliefs
are
interested
in
mastering
a
topic,
not
just
in
achieving
good
grades
An
example
of
intrinsic
motivation
is
when
an
employee
becomes
an
IT
professional
because
he
or
she
wants
to
learn
about
how
computer
users
interact
with
computer
networks.
The
employee
has
the
intrinsic
motivation
to
gain
more
knowledge.[15] Art
for
art's
sake is
an
example
of
intrinsic
motivation
in
the
domain
of
art.
Traditionally,
researchers
thought
of
motivations
to
use
computer
systems
to
be
primarily
driven
by
extrinsic
purposes;
however,
many
modern
systems
have
their
use
driven
primarily
by
intrinsic
motivations.[16] Examples
of
such
systems
used
primarily
to
fulfil
users'
intrinsic
motivations,
include
on-line
gaming,
virtual
worlds,
online
shopping[17],
learning/education,
online
dating,
digital
music
repositories,
social
networking,
online
pornography,
gamified
systems,
and
general
gamification.
Even
traditional
management
information
systems
(e.g.,
ERP,
CRM)
are
being
'gamified'
such
that
both
extrinsic
and
intrinsic
motivations
must
increasingly
be
considered.
Not
only
can
intrinsic
motivation
be
used
in
a
personal
setting,
but
it
can
also
be
implemented
and
utilized
in
a
social
environment.
Instead
of
attaining
mature
desires,
such
as
those
presented
above
via
internet
which
can
be
attained
on
one's
own,
intrinsic
motivation
can
be
used
to
assist
extrinsic
motivation
to
attain
a
goal.
For
example,
Eli,
a
4-year-old
with
autism,
wants
to
achieve
the
goal
of
playing
with
a
toy
train[18].
To
get
the
toy,
he
must
first
communicate
to
his
therapist
that
he
wants
it.
His
desire
to
play
is
strong
enough
to
be
considered
intrinsic
motivation
because
it
is
a
natural
feeling,
and
his
desire
to
communicate
with
his
therapist
to
get
the
train
can
be
considered
extrinsic
motivation
because
the
outside
object
is
a
reward
(see
incentive
theory).
Communicating
with
the
therapist
is
the
first,
slightly
more
challenging
goal
that
stands
in
the
way
of
achieving
his
larger
goal
of
playing
with
the
train.
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