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Nagarhole
National
Park is
a national
park located
in Kodagu
district and Mysore
district in Karnataka,
India.[1] It
is
one
of
India's
premier
Tiger
Reserves
along
with
the
adjoining
Bandipur
Tiger
Reserve
and
Wayanad
Wildlife
Sanctuary.This
park
was
declared
the
thirty
seventh Project
Tiger,
Tiger
reserves
of
India
in
1999.
It
is
part
of
the Nilgiri
Biosphere
Reserve.
The Western
Ghats Nilgiri
Sub-Cluster
of
6,000 km2 (2,300 sq mi),
including
all
of
Nagarhole
National
Park,
is
under
consideration
by
the UNESCO World
Heritage
Committee
for
selection
as
a World
Heritage
Site.[2]
The
park
has
rich forest
cover,
small
streams,
hills,
valleys
and
waterfalls.
The
park
has
a
healthy
predator-prey
ratio,
with
many tigers, Gaur, elephants, Indian
leopards,
and
deer
(Chital, Sambar,
etc.).The
park
ranges
the
foothills
of
the Western
Ghats spreading
down
the Brahmagiri
hills and
south
towards Kerala state.
It
lies
between
the
latitudes
12°15'37.69"N
and
longitudes
76°17'34.4"E.
The
park
covers
643 km2 (248 sq mi)
located
to
the
north-west
of Bandipur
National
Park.
The Kabini
reservoir separates
the
two
parks.
Elevations
of
the
park
range
from
687
to
960 m
(2,254
to
3,150 ft).
It
is
50 km
(31 mi)
from
the
major
city
of Mysore[3] and
220 km
(137 mi)
from
the
Karnataka
state
capital
of Bengaluru.[4]
Together
with
the
adjoining Bandipur
National
Park (870 km2 (340 sq mi)), Mudumalai
National
Park (320 km2 (120 sq mi))
and Wayanad
Wildlife
Sanctuary (344 km2 (133 sq mi)),
it
forms
the
largest
protected
area
in
Southern
India,
totalling
2,183 km2 (843 sq mi).
The
park
derives
its
name
from naga,
meaning
snake
and hole,
referring
to
streams.
The
park
was
an
exclusive hunting
reserve of
the
kings
of
the Wodeyar
dynasty,
the
former
rulers
of
the Kingdom
of
Mysore.
It
was
set
up
in
1955
as
a
wildlife
sanctuary
and
later
its
area
increased
to
643.39 km
(399.78 mi).
It
was
upgraded
into
a
national
park
in
1988.
The
park
was
declared
a
tiger
reserve
in
1999.The
park
receives
an
annual
rainfall
of
1,440
millimetres
(57 in).
Its
water
sources
include
the
Lakshmmantirtha
river,
Sarati
Hole,
Nagar
Hole,
Balle
Halla, Kabini
River,
four
perennial
streams,
47
seasonal
streams,
four
small
perennial
lakes,
41
artificial
tanks,
several
swamps,
Taraka
Dam
and
the
Kabini
reservoir.
The
vegetation
here
consists
mainly
of North
Western
Ghats
moist
deciduous
forests with teak and rosewood predominating
in
the
southern
parts.
There
is Central
Deccan
Plateau
dry
deciduous
forests with Pala
indigo and
thorny wattle towards
the
east.
There
are
some sub-montane
valley
swamp
forests with
several
species
of
the Eugenia genus.
The
main
trees
found
here
are
the
commercially
important rosewood, teak, sandalwood and silver
oak.
Species
of
trees
of
the
dry
deciduous
forest
include crocodile
bark, Lagerstroemia
lanceolata (crepe
myrtle), Indian
kino
tree, Grewia
tilaefolia, rosewood and axlewood.[6] Other
tree
species
that
are
seen
in
the
forests
are Lagerstroemia
microcarpa (crepe
myrtle), kadam, cotton
tree, Schleichera
trijuga and
some
species
of ficus.
In
the understorey,
species
found
growing
include Kydia
calycina, Indian
gooseberry and beechwood,
Shrubs
like horse
nettles, tick
clover, Helicteres species
and
invasive
species
like lantana and bonesets are
found
in
abundance.
These
forests
have
some
conspicuous
tree
species
such
as golden
shower
tree, flame
of
the
forest and clumping
bamboo.
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