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Chan
Chan was
the
largest
city
of
the pre-Columbian
era in South
America. It
is
now
an archaeological
site in La
Libertad
Region 5
kilometres
(3.1 mi)
west
of Trujillo,
Peru
Chan
Chan
is
located
in
the
mouth
of
the Moche
Valley
and
was
the
capital
of
the
historical
empire
of
the Chimor from
900
to
1470,
when
they
were
defeated
and
incorporated
into
the Inca
Empire.
Chimor,
a
conquest
state,
developed
from
the Chimú
culture which
established
itself
along
the
Peruvian
coast
around
1400
AD.
In
the
Chimú
tongue, Quingnam,
Chan
Chan
means
"Sun
Sun;"
it
was
named
for
its
sunny
climate
which
is
cooled
year
round
by
a
southerly
breeze.
Chan
Chan
is
in
a
particularly
arid
section
of
the
coastal
desert
of
northern
Peru.
Due
to
the
lack
of
rain
in
this
area,
the
major
source
of
nonsalted
water
for
Chan
Chan
is
in
the
form
of
rivers
carrying surface
runoff from
the Andes. This
runoff
allows
for
control
of
land
and
water
through irrigation
systems.
The
city
of
Chan
Chan
spanned
20 km²
and
had
a
dense
urban
center
of
6 km²
which
contained
extravagant ciudadelas.
Ciudadelas were
large
architectural
masterpieces
which
housed
plazas,
storerooms,
and
burial
platforms
for
the
royals.
The
splendor
of
these ciudadelas suggests
their
association
with
the
royal
class.
Housing
for
the
lower
classes
of
Chan
Chan's
hierarchical
society
are
known
as
small,
irregular
agglutinated
rooms
(SIARs).
Because
the
lower
classes
were
often
artisans
whose
role
in
the
empire
was
to
produce
crafts,
many
of
these
SIARs
were
used
as
workshops.
The
coordinates
chosen
at
right
for
the
location
of
Chan
Chan
were
determined
using
"Figure
1:
Archaeological
Zone
of
Chan
Chan"
from
Michael
West's
article,
"Community
Settlement
Patterns
at
Chan
Chan,
Peru". In
this
figure,
it
can
be
seen
that
Verlarde,
Laberinto,
and
Bandelier
form
the
northern
border
of
Chan
Chan
while
Uhle,
Chaiguac,
Tschudi,
and
Rivero
form
its
southern
flanks.
The
location
chosen
for
the
coordinates
is
in
the
center
of
these
cities
and
so
represents
a
central
location
for
the
ruins
of
Chan
Chan
amidst
this
archaeological
zone.
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