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Machu
Picchu is
a
15th-century Inca citadel,
located
in
the Eastern
Cordillera of
southern Peru,
on
a
2,430-metre
(7,970 ft)
mountain
ridge.It
is
located
in
the Cusco
Region, Urubamba
Province, Machupicchu
District,above
the Sacred
Valley,
which
is
80
kilometres
(50 mi)
northwest
of Cuzco.
The Urubamba
River flows
past
it,
cutting
through
the
Cordillera
and
creating
a
canyon
with
a
tropical
mountain
climate.
Machu
Picchu
Machu
Picchu
in
2009
Shown
within
Peru
Location
Peru
Cuzco
Region
Coordinates13°09′48″S 72°32′44″WHeight2,430
metres
(7,970 ft)HistoryFoundedc.
1450Abandoned1572CulturesInca
civilizationSite
notesArchaeologistsHiram
Bingham
UNESCO
World
Heritage
Site
Official
nameHistoric
Sanctuary
of
Machu
PicchuTypeMixedCriteriai,
iii,
vii,
ixDesignated1983 (7th session)Reference no.274State
PartyPeruRegionLatin
America
and
the
Caribbean
For
most
speakers
of
English
or
Spanish,
the
first
'c'
in Picchu is
silent.
In
English,
the
name
is
pronounced /ˌmɑːtʃuː piːtʃuː/ or /ˌmɑːtʃuː piːktʃuː/,in
Spanish
as [ˈmatʃu
ˈpitʃu] or [ˈmatʃu
ˈpiktʃu], and
in Quechua (Machu
Pikchu)
as [ˈmatʃʊ
ˈpɪktʃʊ].
Most archaeologists believe
that
Machu
Picchu
was
constructed
as
an
estate
for
the Inca emperor Pachacuti (1438–1472).
Often
mistakenly
referred
to
as
the
"Lost
City
of
the
Incas",
it
is
the
most
familiar
icon
of
Inca
civilization.
The
Incas
built
the
estate
around
1450
but
abandoned
it
a
century
later
at
the
time
of
the Spanish
conquest.
Although
known
locally,
it
was
not
known
to
the
Spanish
during
the
colonial
period
and
remained
unknown
to
the
outside
world
until
American
historian Hiram
Bingham brought
it
to
international
attention
in
1911.
Machu
Picchu
was
built
in
the
classical
Inca
style,
with
polished dry-stone
walls.
Its
three
primary
structures
are
the Intihuatana,
the Temple
of
the
Sun,
and
the Room
of
the
Three
Windows.
Most
of
the
outlying
buildings
have
been
reconstructed
in
order
to
give
tourists
a
better
idea
of
how
they
originally
appeared.By
1976,
30%
of
Machu
Picchu
had
been
restored
and
restoration
continues.
Machu
Picchu
was
declared
a
Peruvian
Historic
Sanctuary
in
1981
and
a UNESCO World
Heritage
Site in
1983. In
2007,
Machu
Picchu
was
voted
one
of
the New
Seven
Wonders
of
the
World in
a
worldwide
Internet
poll.
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