5/5 Raxmonqul E. 3 years ago on Google
(Translated
by
Google)
Bukhara
Arch
is
an
ancient
urban
monument
in
Bukhara.
History
The
arch
was
originally
built
in
the
1st
century
BC.
Before
the
Arab
conquest,
the
arch
was
inhabited
by
the
mayors
of
the
city
-
the
Bukhara
gods.
It
was
rebuilt
during
the
Samanid
period
(9th-10th
centuries)
and
fortified
with
walls
and
towers.
The
arch
was
destroyed
several
times
during
the
Karakhanid
period
(11th-12th
centuries)
and
the
Mongol
invasion
(13th
century).
The
present
image
was
formed
mainly
during
the
period
of
the
Shaybani
dynasty
(16th
century).
Archaeologists
excavating
the
site
in
1990
unearthed
the
foundations
of
the
Amir
Khanaqah
and
its
surrounding
rooms,
as
well
as
the
sofa,
toshnov,
tazar,
sandals,
and
yahkhanas
in
the
courtyard.
The
complexity
of
the
bathroom
was
found
to
be
that
the
underground
tanks
were
subordinated
to
a
common
network,
extended
to
the
outskirts
of
the
city,
that
the
fireplaces
on
all
four
sides
provided
the
same
heat,
and
that
they
could
keep
ice
in
the
freezer
until
late
autumn.
On
the
occasion
of
the
2500th
anniversary
of
Bukhara,
the
courtyard
with
the
throne
inside
the
arch
was
renovated
and
restored.
The
arch
walls
have
been
updated.
The
Gorion
Gate
was
rebuilt
and
other
improvements
were
made.
At
a
depth
of
2.5–3
m
above
the
ground,
it
was
discovered
that
there
was
a
domed
underground
passage.
The
Bukhara
State
Architectural
and
Art
Museum
Reserve
is
located
in
the
arch.
Architecture
The
arch,
built
on
a
hill
about
20
m
high,
has
an
area
of
4
hectares
and
a
polygonal
history.
At
different
times,
the
walls
were
reinforced
with
stone,
baked
and
raw
bricks,
and
straw.
The
collapsed
areas
were
repaired
first
with
raw
bricks
and
then
with
baked
bricks.
The
ascent
leads
through
a
huge
gate
to
the
west
(16th
century)
(there
was
also
a
gate
on
the
east
side).
The
"bouquet"
on
both
sides
of
the
roof
of
the
gate
and
the
three-story
building
between
them
are
well
preserved.
There
are
12
steps
on
the
left
wall
and
13
on
the
right
wall
of
the
long
corridor
leading
to
the
arch.
Some
of
the
shelves
on
the
left
have
doors
to
the
bathroom.
Underneath
the
bouquets
were
towers
and
dim
basements.
On
the
middle
shelf
on
the
right
side
of
the
hall,
lights
are
lit
on
the
soul
of
the
legendary
hero
Siyavush
on
the
occasion
of
Navruz.
Amir
entered
the
stables
from
the
stairs.
At
the
exit
from
the
hall,
the
court
of
the
head
of
the
artillery
(chief
of
the
palace
guards)
was
located,
there
was
a
basement
under
the
porch
(these
buildings
were
destroyed).
Not
far
from
it
(in
the
corner
of
the
western
wall)
was
built
a
mosque
(palace
mosque)
with
a
porch
(late
18th
century).
The
windows
of
the
mosque
are
barred,
and
the
verses
on
the
inside
of
the
walls
are
inscribed
with
verses
from
the
Qur'an.
The
porch
ceiling
is
decorated
with
intricate
girders.
In
the
northwest
corner
of
the
arch
was
the
player's
house
and
the
room
where
the
overseer
lived.
On
the
east
side
of
the
mosque
are
the
remains
of
sewer
pipes.
All
the
walls
of
the
arch,
except
the
west
wall,
and
the
towers
in
the
corners
were
destroyed.
There
were
many
buildings
in
Registan
Square
in
front
of
the
gate.
The
porch
overlooking
the
west
wall
is
lined
with
cannons.
To
the
left
of
the
arch
gate
was
the
army
hotel,
and
to
the
north
was
a
weapons
workshop
and
armory.
Childukhtaron
Mausoleum
to
the
northeast
of
the
Ark,
Battol
Gazi
Khanaqah
to
the
southwest,
and
the
remains
of
a
typical
bathhouse.
(Original)
Buxoro
arki — Buxorodagi qadimiy
shaharsozlik
yodgorligi.
Tarixi
Ark dastlab milloddan
avvalgi
1-asrda qurilgan.
Arablar
istilosiga
qadar
arkda
shahar
hokimlari
— buxorxudotlar yashagan. Somoniylar davrida
(9—
10-asrlar) qayta
qurilib devor va burjlar bilan
mustahkamlangan. Qoraxoniylar davrida
(11—12-asrlar)
va mo‘g‘ullar
bosqinchiligi vaqtida
(13-asr)
ark
bir
necha
bor
vayron
qilingan.
Hozirgi
qiyofasi
asosan Shayboniylar sulolasi
davri
(16-asr)da
shakllangan.
1990
yilda arxeologlar tomonidan
olib
borilgan qazish
ishlari natijasida Amir mehmonxonasi hisoblangan xonaqoh va
uning
atrofidagi hujralarning poydevorlari, hovli ichkarisidagi supa,
toshnov, tazar, sandal va
yaxxonalar
ochildi. Hammom tuzilish
jihatdan
murakkabligi
yer
osti
tazarlari
umumiy
bir
tarmoqqa
bo‘ysundirilganligi,
shahar tashqarisidagi zahkashga
qadar
cho‘zilganligi, to‘rt tomonidagi
gulax
(o‘txona)lari
doimiy
ravishda
bir
xil
issiqlik
berib
turishi,
yaxxonada muzni to
kech kuzgacha saqlay
bilishganligi
aniqlandi.
Buxoroning
2500
yilligi
munosabati
bilan
ark
ichkarisidagi taxt joylashgan
hovli ta’mirlanib,
o‘z
holiga
keltirildi.
Ark
devorlari
yangilandi.
"Go‘riyon" darvozasi qayta
tiklandi
va
boshqa
obodonlashtirish
ishlari
olib
borildi.
Yer
sathidan
2,5–3
m
chuqurlikda
gumbazsimon
yer
osti
yo‘li
borligi
aniqlandi.
Arkda Buxoro
davlat
me’moriy-badiiy
muzey
qo‘riqxonasi joylashgan.
Meʻmorchiligi
Balandligi
20
m
cha
bo‘lgan
tepalik
ustiga
qurilgan
arkning maydoni 4 ga, tarhi ko‘pburchakli.
Turli
davrlarda
devorlari
tosh,
pishiq
va
xom g‘isht, paxsalar bilan
mustahkamlangan.
O‘pirilib
tushgan
joylari
dastlab
xom
gishtdan,
keyin
pishiq
g‘ishtdan
ta’mir
etilgan.
Ko‘tarila
boruvchi
yo‘l
orqali g‘arbdagi ulkan
darvozadan
(16-asr)
ichkariga
kiriladi
(sharq tomonida
ham
ilgari
darvoza
bo‘lgan). Darvozaxona peshtoqining ikki yon
tomonidagi
"guldasta"
va
ular
oralig‘idagi
3
qavatli bino yaxshi
saqlangan.
Ark
ichkarisiga
olib
kiradigan
uzun dalonyo‘lakning chap
devorida
12
va
o‘ng
devorida
13 taxmontokcha
qilingan.
Chap
tomonidagi tokchalarning ba’zilarida
obxonaga
kiriladigan
eshiklar
bor.
Guldasta
(burj)lar
tagida
zax
va
dim yerto‘lalar bo‘lgan.
Dalonning
o‘ng
tomonidagi
o‘rta
tokchasida
afsonaviy
qahramon Siyovush ruhiga Navro‘z
bayramida chiroqlar
yoqilgan.
Amir sayisxona (otxona)siga
ham
shu
yerdagi zinadan kirilgan.
Dalondan
chiqaverishda to‘pchi
boshi (saroy qo‘riqchilari
boshlig‘i)ning
mahkamasi,
shu
yerdagi ayvon tagida
yerto‘la
bo‘lgan
(bu
binolar
buzilib
ketgan).
Undan
sal
narida
(g‘arbiy
devor
burchagida) peshayvonli jome
masjid (saroy
masjidi)
qurilgan
(18-asr
oxiri). Masjid derazalari panjarali,
devorlarining
ichki
tomonidagi naqshlar orasiga Qur’on oyatlari bitilgan.
Peshayvon shipi murakkab girihdar bilan bezatilgan.
Arkning
shimoliy-g‘arbiy
burchagida
to‘pchi
boshining
uyi
va
ta’mir
ishlari
ustidan
nazorat
qiluvchi
kishi
turadigan
xona
bo‘lgan.
Masjidning
sharq
tomonida
lar
oqova
suv quvurlarining qoldiqlari.
Arkning
g‘arbiy
devoridan
boshqa
hamma
devorlari,
burchaklardagi minoralar buzilib
ketgan.
Darvozasi
oldidagi Registon
maydonida
ko‘pgina
imoratlar
bo‘lgan.
Uning
g‘arbiy
devoriga
qaragan
peshayvonga zambaraklar qo‘yilgan.
Ark
darvozasining
chap
tomonida
lashkarboshi
mehmonxonasi, shimolida esa qurolyarog‘lar tuzatiladigan ustaxona va
aslahaxona
(qo‘rxona)
bo‘lgan.
Arkning
shimoliy-sharqidagi
"Childuxtaron" maqbarasi,
janubiy-g‘arbda
"Battol
G‘oziy
xonaqohi",
xos
hammom
qoldiqlari
saqlanga
5 people found this review helpful 👍