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Ivan
Shuvalov and Mikhail
Lomonosov promoted
the
idea
of
a
university
in
Moscow,
and Russian
Empress
Elizabeth decreed
its
establishment
on
23
January [O.S. 12
January] 1755.
The
first
lectures
were
given
on
7
May [O.S. 26
April].
Russians
still
celebrate
25
January
as Students'
Day.
(Foundation
of
the
University
is
traditionally
associated
with
the
feast
of Saint
Tatiana,
celebrated
by
the Russian
Orthodox
Church on
12
January
Julian,
which
corresponds
to
25
January
Gregorian
in
the
20th–21st
centuries.)
Saint
Petersburg
State
University and
Moscow
State
University
engage
in
friendly
rivalry
over
the
title
of
Russia's
oldest
university.
Though
Moscow
State
University
was
founded
in
1755,
its
competitor
in
St.
Petersburg
has
had
a
continuous
existence
as
a
"university"
since
1819
and
sees
itself
as
the
successor
of
an
academy
established
on
24
January
1724,
by
a
decree
of Peter
the
Great.
The
present
Moscow
State
University
originally
occupied
the Principal
Medicine
Store on Red
Square from
1755
to
1787. Catherine
the
Great transferred
the
University
to
a Neoclassical building
on
the
other
side
of
Mokhovaya
Street;
that
main
building
was
constructed
between
1782
and
1793
in
the
Neo-Palladian
style,
to
a
design
by Matvei
Kazakov,
and
rebuilt
by Domenico
Giliardi after
the fire
consumed
much
of
Moscow
in
1812.
In
the
18th
century,
the
University
had
three
departments: philosophy, medicine,
and law.
A
preparatory
college
was
affiliated
with
the
University
until
its
abolition
in
1812.
In
1779, Mikhail
Kheraskov founded
a
boarding
school
for
noblemen
(Благородный
пансион)
which
in
1830
became
a gymnasium for
the Russian
nobility.
The university
press,
run
by Nikolay
Novikov in
the
1780s,
published
the
most
popular
newspaper
in
Imperial
Russia: Moskovskie
Vedomosti.

As
of
2015,
the
Old
Building
housed
the
Department
of
Oriental
studies
In
1804,
medical
education
split
into
clinical
(therapy), surgical,
and obstetrics faculties.
During
1884–1897,
the
Department
of
Medicine—supported
by
private
donations,
and
the
municipal
and
imperial
governments—built
an
extensive,
1.6-kilometer-long,
state-of-the-art
medical
campus
in Devichye
Pole,
between
the Garden
Ring and Novodevichy
Convent;
this
had
been
designed
by Konstantin
Bykovsky,
with
university
doctors
like Nikolay
Sklifosovskiy and
Fyodor
Erismann
acting
as
consultants.
The
campus,
and
medical
education
in
general,
were
separated
from
the
Moscow
University
in
1930.
Devichye
Pole
was
operated
by
the
independent I.M.
Sechenov
First
Moscow
State
Medical
University and
by
various
other
state
and
private
institutions.
The
roots
of
student
unrest
in
the
University
reach
deep
into
the
nineteenth
century.
In
1905,
a
social-democratic
organization
emerged
at
the
University
and
called
for
the
overthrow
of
the
Czarist
government
and
the
establishment
of
a
republic
in
Russia.
The imperial government
repeatedly
threatened
to
close
the
University.
In
1911,
in
a
protest
over
the
introduction
of
troops
onto
the
campus
and
mistreatment
of
certain
professors,
130
scientists
and
professors
resigned en
masse,
including
such
prominent
men
as Nikolay
Dimitrievich
Zelinskiy, Pyotr
Nikolaevich
Lebedev,
and Sergei
Alekseevich
Chaplygin;
thousands
of
students
were
expelled.
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