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Mohandas
Karamchand
Gandhi (/ˈɡɑːndi, ˈɡændi/;[3][needs
Gujarati
IPA]Hindustani: [ˈmoːɦəndaːs
ˈkərəmtʃənd
ˈɡaːndʱi](listen);
2
October
1869 –
30
January
1948)
was
an Indian activist who
was
the
leader
of
the Indian
independence
movement against British
rule.
Employing nonviolent civil
disobedience,
Gandhi
led
India
to independence and
inspired
movements
for civil
rights and
freedom
across
the
world.
The honorific Mahātmā (Sanskrit:
"high-souled",
"venerable")[4] –
applied
to
him
first
in
1914
in
South
Africa[5] –
is
now
used
worldwide.
In
India,
he
is
also
called Bapu (Gujarati:
endearment
for father,[6] papa)[6][7] and Gandhi ji,
and
known
as
the Father
of
the
Nation.[8][9]
Mahātmā
Mohandas
Karamchand
Gandhi
Native name
મોહનદાસ
કરમચંદ
ગાંધી (Gujarati)
Born
Mohandas
Karamchand
Gandhi
2
October
1869 (Gandhi
Jayanti)
Porbandar, Porbandar
State, Kathiawar
Agency, Bombay
Presidency, British
India[1]
(present-day Gujarat, India)
Died30
January
1948(aged 78)
New
Delhi, Delhi, Dominion
of
India(present-day
India)
Cause of
deathAssassinationResting
placeRaj
Ghat, Delhi,
IndiaNationalityIndianOther namesMahatma Gandhi,
Bapu
ji,
Gandhi
jiAlma materUniversity
College
London[2]
Inner
TempleOccupation
LawyerPoliticianActivistWriter
Known forIndian
Independence
Movement,
Peace
movement,
Nonviolent
resistance,
Civil
resistance,
GandhismOfficePresident
of
the
Indian
National
CongressTerm1924–1925Political
partyIndian
National
CongressMovementIndian
independence
movementSpouse(s)
Kasturbai
Gandhi
(m. 1883;
died 1944)
Children
HarilalManilalRamdasDevdas
Parents
Karamchand
Gandhi(father)Putlibai
Gandhi
(mother)
Signature
Born
and
raised
in
a Hindu merchant
castefamily
in
coastal Gujarat, India,
and
trained
in
law
at
the Inner
Temple,
London,
Gandhi
first
employed
nonviolent
civil
disobedience
as
an
expatriate
lawyer
in
South
Africa,
in
the
resident
Indian
community's
struggle
for
civil
rights.
After
his
return
to
India
in
1915,
he
set
about
organising
peasants,
farmers,
and
urban
labourers
to
protest
against
excessive
land-tax
and
discrimination.
Assuming
leadership
of
the Indian
National
Congress in
1921,
Gandhi
led
nationwide
campaigns
for
various
social
causes
and
for
achieving Swaraj or
self-rule.