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The
1867
discovery
of
diamonds
in
the
Cape
Colony,
South
Africa,
radically
modified
not
only
the
world’s
supply
of
diamonds
but
also
the
conception
of
them.
As
annual
world
diamond
production
increased
more
than
tenfold
in
the
following
10
years,
a
once
extremely
rare
material
became
accessible
to
Western
society
with
its
growing
wealth.
Today
South
Africa
maintains
its
position
as
a
major
diamond
producer.
Diamond
Mining
|
Famous
Diamonds
|
Diamonds
Through
The
Ages
The
story
of
diamonds
in
South
Africa
begins
between
December
1866
and
February
1867
when
15-year-old
Erasmus
Jacobs
found
a
transparent
rock
on
his
father’s
farm,
on
the
south
bank
of
the
Orange
River.
Over
the
next
few
years,
South
Africa
yielded
more
diamonds
than
India
had
in
over
2,000
years.
The
first
diamond
discoveries
in
South
Africa
were
alluvial.
By
1869,
diamonds
were
found
far
from
any
stream
or
river.
First
in
yellow
earth
and
below
in
hard
rock
called
blue
ground,
later
called
kimberlite,
after
the
mining
town
of
Kimberley.
In
the
1870′s
and
1880′s
Kimberley,
encompassing
the
mines
that
produced
95%
of
the
world’s
diamonds,
was
home
to
great
wealth
and
fierce
rivalries,
most
notably
that
between
Cecil
John
Rhodes
and
Barney
Barnato,
English
immigrants
who
consolidated
early
31ft
prospects
into
ever
larger
holdings
and
mining
companies.
In
1888,
Rhodes
prev
Unlike
the
proverbial
cat,
one
may
expect
the
Premier
Mine
to
enjoy
only
four
lives.
The
first
lasted
from
the
discovery
of
the
diamond
pipe
just
before
1902
–
and
the
formation
of
the
Premier
(Transvaal)
Diamond
Mining
Company
–
until
the
outbreak
of
World
War
I
when
the
mine
was
shut
down
and
operated
on
a
caretaker
basis.
By
January
of
1916
it
was
working
again
and
production
continued
up
to
1932
when
diamond
mining
operations
ceased
due
to
the
depressed
state
of
the
diamond
industry.
Working
resumed
in
1945,
but
its
fourth
life
really
began
in
1979
with
the
opening
up
of
the
mine
below
the
Gabbroe
sill,
a
70-meter
geologic
intrusion
of
barren
rock
which
cuts
right
through
the
pipe
some
400
meters
below
the
surface.
Production
from
this
new
source
has
not
only
given
the
mine
its
longest
life,
but
one
that
should
enable
production
to
continue
for
another
fifteen
years.
In
the
early
years
of
its
existence,
the
Premier
Mine
produced
many
large
diamonds,
including,
of
course
the
Cullinan
in
1905,
and
since
working
was
restarted
in
1945
the
mine
has
continued
to
yield
some
exceptional
stones.
One
of
the
most
exciting
moments
was
early
on
Sunday,
May
22nd,
1954,
when
a
diamond
measuring
just
under
51
mm
long,
just
over
25
mm
wide
and
19
mm
thick
unexpectedly
appeared
on
the
grease
tables
at
the
recovery
plant.
It
was
immediately
apparent
to
the
officials
present
that
this,
later
known
as
the
Niarchos
diamond
(426.5ct),
was
an
exceptional
find.
Visit
a
South
African
museum
dedicated
to
the
diamond
industry.
Discover
more
about
South
African
diamonds
and
the
history
of
diamonds
when
you
visit
our
museum
based
in
the
Clock
Tower,
V&A
Waterfront,
Cape
Town.
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