5/5 Piyush Kumar J. 1 year ago on Google • 52 reviews
According
to
legend,
Durga
was
created
for
the
slaying
of
the
buffalo
demon
Mahishasura
by
Brahma,
Vishnu,
Shiva,
and
the
lesser
gods,
who
were
otherwise
powerless
to
overcome
him.
Embodying
their
collective
energy
(shakti),
she
is
both
derivative
from
the
male
divinities
and
the
true
source
of
their
inner
power.
She
is
also
greater
than
any
of
them.
Born
fully
grown
and
beautiful,
Durga
presents
a
fierce
menacing
form
to
her
enemies.
She
is
usually
depicted
riding
a
lion
and
with
8
or
10
arms,
each
holding
the
special
weapon
of
one
of
the
gods,
who
gave
them
to
her
for
her
battle
against
the
buffalo
demon.
Durga
Puja,
held
annually
in
her
honour,
is
one
of
the
great
festivals
of
northeastern
India.
Avatar,
Sanskrit
avatāra
(“descent”),
in
Hinduism,
the
incarnation
of
a
deity
in
human
or
animal
form
to
counteract
some
particular
evil
in
the
world.
The
term
usually
refers
to
the
10
appearances
of
Vishnu:
Matsya
(fish),
Kurma
(tortoise),
Varaha
(boar),
Narasimha
(half
man,
half
lion),
Vamana
(dwarf),
Parashurama
(Rama
with
the
axe),
Rama
(hero
of
the
Ramayana
epic),
Krishna
(the
divine
cowherd),
Buddha,
and
Kalkin
(the
incarnation
yet
to
come).
The
number
of
Vishnu’s
avatars
is
sometimes
extended
or
their
identities
changed,
according
to
local
preferences.
Thus,
Krishna’s
half
brother,
Balarama,
is
in
some
areas
included
as
an
avatar.
One
formulation
of
the
doctrine
is
given
in
the
Bhagavadgita
when
Krishna
tells
Prince
Arjuna.
Devi
Mahatmya,
Sanskrit
text,
written
about
the
5th
or
6th
century
CE,
that
forms
a
portion
of
a
larger
work
known
as
the
Markandeya-purana.
It
is
the
first
such
text
that
revolves
entirely
around
the
figure
of
the
Goddess
(Devi)
as
the
primary
deity.
While
goddesses
were
worshiped
in
India
before
this
period,
the
Devi
Mahatmya
is
significant
in
that
it
is
the
earliest
appearance
in
the
high
Sanskritic
literary
and
religious
tradition
of
a
treatise
in
which
the
Goddess
is
elevated
to
a
place
of
ultimate
prominence.
The
work
has
been
passed
down
as
a
self-contained
text
that
is
memorized
and
recited,
word
for
word,
as
part
of
the
religious
practice
of
those
Hindus
who
worship
Devi
as
the
highest
divinity.
The
Devi
Mahatmya
is
also
significant
in
that
it
regards
various
forms
of
the
Goddess—ranging
from
the
fearsome
and
dangerous
Kali
to
the
benign
and
gentle
Shri—as
fundamentally
unified.
The
Goddess
appears
in
the
work
most
frequently
as
the
fierce
and
violent
Chandi
(or
Chandika)
and
as
Ambika
(“Mother”),
a
maternal
figure.
The
Devi
Mahatmya
is
chiefly
concerned
with
the
salvific
actions
of
the
Goddess,
who
is
depicted
as
defeating
a
demon
army
with
the
aid
of
the
Saptamatrika
(“Seven
Mothers”)
and,
in
the
form
of
Durga,
as
slaying
the
great
buffalo-demon
Mahisasura.
Durga
is
described
as
having
many
arms,
each
of
which
wields
a
weapon,
and
riding
a
fierce
lion.
Shiva,
(Sanskrit:
“Auspicious
One”)
also
spelled
Śiwa
or
Śiva,
one
of
the
main
deities
of
Hinduism,
whom
Shaivites
worship
as
the
supreme
god.
Among
his
common
epithets
are
Shambhu
(“Benign”),
Shankara
(“Beneficent”),
Mahesha
(“Great
Lord”),
and
Mahadeva
(“Great
God”).
Shiva
Shiva
is
represented
in
a
variety
of
forms:
in
a
pacific
mood
with
his
consort
Parvati
and
son
Skanda,
as
the
cosmic
dancer
(Nataraja),
as
a
naked
ascetic,
as
a
mendicant
beggar,
as
a
yogi,
as
a
Dalit
(formerly
called
untouchable)
accompanied
by
a
dog
(Bhairava),
and
as
the
androgynous
union
of
Shiva
and
his
consort
in
one
body,
half-male
and
half-female
(Ardhanarishvara).
He
is
both
the
great
ascetic
and
the
master
of
fertility,
and
he
is
the
master
of
both
poison
and
medicine,
through
his
ambivalent
power
over
snakes.
As
Lord
of
Cattle
(Pashupata),
he
is
the
benevolent
herdsman—or,
at
times,
the
merciless
slaughterer
of
the
“beasts”
that
are
the
human
souls
in
his
care.
Although
some
of
the
combinations
of
roles
may
be
explained
by
Shiva’s
identification
with
earlier
mythological
figures,
they
arise
primarily
from
a
tendency
in
Hinduism
to
see
complementary
qualities
in
a
single
ambiguous
figure.
Shiva’s
female
consort
is
known
under
various
manifestations
as
Uma
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