4/5 Jaroslav M. 3 years ago on Google
The
Iziko
South
African
Museum
is
a
South
African
national
museum
located
in
Cape
Town.
The
museum
was
founded
in
1825,
the
first
in
the
country.
It
has
been
on
its
present
site
in
the
Company's
Garden
since
1897.
The
museum
houses
important
African
zoology,
palaeontology
and
archaeology
collections.
Iziko
is
a
Xhosa
word
meaning
"hearth".
The
South
African
Museum
was
founded
by
Lord
Charles
Somerset
in
1825
as
a
general
museum
comprising
natural
history
and
material
culture
from
local
and
other
groups
further
afield.
In
time,
it
developed
greater
systematic
organisation
and
classification
similar
to
the
evolutionary
models
that
were
prominent
in
European
and
American
museums
in
the
late
nineteenth
and
early
twentieth
centuries.
The
focus
on
natural
history
encouraged
the
notion
that
very
little
divided
the
animal
world
from
the
human
subjects
who
were
documented.
This
continued
until
the
1990s
with
the
reservation
of
cultural
history
museums
for
the
display
of
settler
histories
and
the
relegation
of
material
culture
from
other
cultures
to
natural
history
and
anthropology
museums.
"Bushmen",
referring
collectively
to
San
and
Khoi
indigenous
groups,
were
considered
lowest
on
the
evolutionary
timescale
and
as
living
remnants
of
"civilised"
man's
prehistory,
akin
to
the
highest
form
of
ape.
As
such,
they
became
the
subject
of
intensive
research,
particularly
from
1906
onwards
under
the
directorship
of
Louis
Péringuey.
Subsequent
research
on
Bushmen
was
informed
by
the
rise
of
physical
anthropology,
a
discipline
in
the
European
scientific
community
that
drew
direct
correlation
between
physical
type
and
evolutionary
status
and
therefore
intellectual,
cultural
and
social
status,
as
discussed
in
a
1988
article
by
Annie
Coombes.
Between
1907
and
1924
Péringuey
initiated
a
casting
project,
carried
out
by
museum
modeller
James
Drury,
in
which
sixty-eight
body
casts
of
"pure
Bushmen
specimens"
were
taken
in
a
process
that
was
both
humiliating
and
painful
for
the
participants.
The
title
of
Drury's
book,
Bushman,
whale
and
dinosaur,
detailing
his
40-year
affiliation
with
the
South
African
Museum,
gives
some
indication
of
the
status
these
specimens
were
given.
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