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Bahawalpur, city,
southeastern Punjab province, Pakistan.
The nawabs of
Bahawalpur
originally
came
from Sindh;
they
formed
a
princely
state
and
assumed
independence
in
1802.
The
city,
which
lies
just
south
of
the Sutlej
River,
was
founded
in
1748
by
Muḥammad
Bahāwal
Khān
and
was
incorporated
as
a
municipality
in
1874.
It
is
the
site
of
the
Adamwahan
(Empress)
Bridge,
the
only
railway
bridge
over
the
Sutlej
River
in
Pakistan,
and
has
rail
links
with Peshawar and Karachi.
Two
palaces
of
the
nawabs
(the
Nur
Mahal
and
Gulzar
Mahal)
are
located
in
Bahawalpur,
as
are
a
library,
hospitals,
a zoological
garden,
and
a
museum.
Dring
Stadium,
a
major
Asian
athletic
facility,
is supplemented by
a
nearby
swimming
pool.
The
city
is
the
seat
of
Islamia
University
(1925)
and
the
Quaid-e-Azam
Medical
College
and
is
an
important
agricultural
training
and
educational
centre.
Soapmaking
and cotton ginning
are
important
enterprises;
cotton,
silk,
embroidery,
carpets,
and
extraordinarily
delicate
pottery
are
produced.
Factories
producing
cottonseed
oil
and
cottonseed
cake
are
also
located
in
the
city.
The
region
surrounding
Bahawalpur
to
the
west,
called
the Sindh,
is
a
fertile
alluvial
tract
in
the
Sutlej
River
valley
that
is
irrigated
by
floodwaters,
planted
with
groves
of
date
palms,
and
thickly
populated.
The
chief
crops
are wheat,
gram,
cotton, sugarcane,
and
dates.
Sheep
and
cattle
are
raised
for
export
of
wool
and
hides.
East
of
Bahawalpur
is
the Pat,
or
Bar,
a
tract
of
land
considerably
higher
than
the
adjoining
valley.
It
is
chiefly
desert
irrigated
by
the
Sutlej
inundation
canals
and yields crops
of
wheat,
cotton,
and
sugarcane.
Farther
east
the
Rohi,
or Cholistan,
is
a
barren
desert
tract,
bounded
on
the
north
and
west
by
the
Hakra
depression
with
mound
ruins
of
old
settlements
along
its
high
banks;
it
is
still
inhabited
by
nomads.
The
principal
inhabitants
of
the
region
surrounding
Bahawalpur
are Jat and Baloch peoples.
There
are
many
historical
sites
in
the
area,
including
Uch,
an
ancient
town
southwest
of
Bahawalpur,
dating
from
Indo-Scythian
(Yuehzhi)
settlement
(c.
128 BCE to
450 CE).
Pop.
(1998)
408,395;
(2017)
762,774.Punjab,
province
of
eastern Pakistan.
It
is
bordered
by
the
Indian
state
of Jammu
and
Kashmir to
the
northeast,
the
Indian
states
of Punjab and Rajasthan to
the
east, Sindh province
to
the
south, Balochistān and Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa provinces
to
the
west,
and Islamabad federal
capital
area
and Azad
Kashmir to
the
north.
The provincial capital, Lahore,
is
located
in
the
east-central
region,
near
the
border
with India.
The
name
Punjab
means
“five
waters,”
or
“five
rivers,”
and
signifies
the
land
drained
by
the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas,
and Sutlej rivers,
which
are
tributaries
of
the Indus
River.
Punjab
is
Pakistan’s
second
largest
province,
after
Balochistān,
and
the
most
densely
populated.
Area
79,284
square
miles
(205,345
square
km).
Pop.
(2011
est.)
91,379,615.
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