5/5 CHEUK YIN Y. 3 years ago on Google
(Translated
by
Google)
The
New
Jersey
began
construction
at
the
Philadelphia
Shipyard
in
1940
in
accordance
with
the
Second
Vinson
Act.
It
was
launched
in
1942
and
entered
service
in
1943
when
the
United
States
had
participated
in
World
War
II
for
a
long
time.
The
New
Jersey
was
dispatched
to
the
Pacific
Theater
and
participated
in
the
battles
of
Gilbert
and
the
Marshall
Islands,
the
battles
of
Mariana
Islands
and
Palau,
the
battle
of
Leytai
Bay,
the
battle
of
Iwo
Jima
and
the
battle
of
Okinawa.
A
few
months
before
the
end
of
the
war,
the
New
Jersey
returned
to
China
for
maintenance.
After
Japan
surrendered,
it
returned
to
the
Far
East
and
assisted
the
US
military
in
occupying
Japan,
and
then
participated
in
Operation
Magic
Carpet
to
carry
the
US
military
back
to
China.
After
the
war,
the
New
Jersey
was
decommissioned
in
1948
due
to
insufficient
naval
funding.
After
the
Korean
War
broke
out
two
years
later,
the
navy's
funding
gradually
recovered,
and
the
frontline
naval
gun
fire
support
was
urgently
needed.
Therefore,
the
New
Jersey
returned
to
active
service
in
1950
and
mainly
shelled
North
Korean
transportation
routes
and
industrial
towns.
After
the
Korean
War,
the
New
Jersey
was
transferred
back
to
the
Atlantic
Ocean
and
participated
in
many
NATO
naval
exercises.
In
1953,
the
New
Jersey
once
visited
Hong
Kong,
but
did
not
enter
Lei
Yue
Mun
due
to
its
deep
draft.
At
that
time,
it
caused
a
sensation
among
Hong
Kong
citizens.
Later,
it
became
an
allegorical
phrase-"New
Jersey-Deep
Water
(Making
Large
Profits)".
In
1957,
the
New
Jersey
was
again
decommissioned
and
sealed.
In
1964,
the
United
States
took
advantage
of
the
Tokyo
Bay
Incident
to
increase
its
troops
in
Vietnam,
but
the
casualties
increased
with
each
passing
day:
the
aircraft
involved
in
Rolling
Thunder
were
repeatedly
attacked
by
dense
anti-aircraft
missiles,
and
the
Marines
fighting
on
the
ground
could
not
get
timely
and
adequate
artillery
support.
In
view
of
this,
US
Secretary
of
Defense
Robert
McNamara
decided
to
put
an
Iowa
class
warship
back
into
service.
The
New
Jersey
returned
to
active
service
in
1968
and
went
on
a
Vietnam
War
cruise,
but
was
retired
immediately
after
returning
home.
Due
to
the
outstanding
performance
of
the
New
Jersey
on
the
front
line,
its
rapid
retirement
has
always
caused
a
lot
of
speculation.
In
1981,
Reagan
was
elected
as
the
new
President
of
the
United
States,
and
proposed
the
"600-ship
Navy"
(600-ship
Navy)
expansion
plan
to
expand
the
navy
on
a
large
scale
to
suppress
the
Soviet
Union.
As
a
result,
the
New
Jersey
was
rebuilt
and
underwent
large-scale
modernization,
including
the
installation
of
Tomahawk
cruise
missiles
and
Harpoon
missile
launchers,
and
the
phalanx
close-in
weapon
system.
The
New
Jersey
returned
to
active
service
again
in
1982,
and
went
to
the
eastern
Mediterranean
the
following
year
to
support
the
Marines
who
participated
in
the
Lebanese
Civil
War.
Later,
the
New
Jersey
cruised
mainly
in
the
Persian
Gulf
and
the
Indian
Ocean,
and
was
finally
decommissioned
in
early
1991,
without
participating
in
the
Persian
Gulf
War.
New
Jersey
was
once
deregistered
in
1995,
but
Congress
was
worried
that
the
Navy
would
lose
its
naval
gun
fire
support
capability
after
the
four
Iowa-class
ships
were
decommissioned.
Therefore,
Congress
passed
a
bill
restricting
the
Navy
to
retain
at
least
two
Iowa-class
ships
in
the
ship's
registry;
the
New
Jersey
and
Wisconsin
were
re-registered
in
1996.
In
1999,
the
Navy
decided
to
donate
the
New
Jersey
to
a
civilian
group
as
a
museum
ship,
and
the
New
Jersey
was
deregistered
again.
In
2000,
the
New
Jersey
was
officially
converted
into
a
museum
ship
and
opened
to
the
public
in
Camden,
New
Jersey.
The
New
Jersey
won
nine
Battle
Stars
in
World
War
II,
four
in
the
Korean
War,
and
three
in
the
Vietnam
War.
(Original)
新澤西號在1940年按照第二次文森法案（Second
Vinson
Act），於費城造船廠開始建造，在1942年下水，並在1943年服役，其時美國已參與第二次世界大戰多時。新澤西號旋即被派往太平洋戰區，並先後參與吉爾伯特及馬紹爾群島戰事、馬里亞納群島及帕勞戰事、雷伊泰灣海戰、硫磺島戰役及沖繩戰役。戰爭結束前數月，新澤西號返國維修，在日本投降後返抵遠東，並協助美軍佔領日本，然後參與魔毯行動（Operation
Magic
Carpet），接載美軍返國。
戰後新澤西號因海軍經費不足，而在1948年退役。兩年後韓戰爆發，海軍經費逐步恢復，且亟需前線艦炮火力支援，新澤西號則因此在1950年重返現役，並主要炮擊北韓運輸路線及工業重鎮。韓戰結束後，新澤西號調回大西洋，並參與多次北約海軍演習。1953年，新澤西號曾經訪港，但因吃水深而不入鯉魚門，當時曾引起香港市民轟動，其後更成為歇後語－「新澤西－食水深（牟取大量暴利）」。1957年新澤西號再次退役封存。
1964年，美國藉東京灣事件而日益增兵越南，但傷亡卻與日俱增：參與滾雷行動的飛機屢遭密集的防空導彈迎擊，而在地面作戰的陸戰隊員又無法獲得及時充足的炮火支援。有見及此，美國國防部長羅伯特·麥克納馬拉決定將一艘艾奧瓦級戰艦重新服役。1968年新澤西號重返現役，並進行一次越戰巡航，但在返國後卻旋即再次退役。由於新澤西號在前線表現卓著，故其迅速退役一直引起不少猜測。
1981年，列根當選新任美國總統，並提出「六百艦隊」（600-ship
Navy）擴軍計劃，大規模擴充海軍，以壓抑蘇聯。新澤西號因而重新復修，並進行大規模現代化改建，包括裝設戰斧巡航導彈及魚叉導彈發射器，以及方陣近迫武器系統。1982年新澤西號再次重返現役，並在翌年到地中海東部，支援參與黎巴嫩內戰的陸戰隊員。稍後新澤西號主要在波斯灣及印度洋巡航，最後在1991年初退役，未有參與波斯灣戰爭。
1995年新澤西號一度除籍，但當時國會憂慮海軍將在四艘艾奧瓦級退役後，而喪失艦炮火力支援能力。故此國會通過法案，限令海軍至少保留兩艘艾奧瓦級於船籍之內；而新澤西號及威斯康星號則在1996年重新列入船籍。到1999年，海軍決定將新澤西號捐贈予民間團體作博物館艦，新澤西號才再次除籍。2000年，新澤西號正式改裝為博物館艦，並在新澤西州肯頓對外開放。
新澤西號分別在二戰獲得九枚戰鬥之星、在韓戰獲得四枚、而在越戰則獲得三枚。
1 person found this review helpful 👍
