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Dutch
garden refers
firstly
to gardens in the
Netherlands,
but
also,
mainly
in
the
English-speaking
countries,
to
various
types
of
gardens
traditionally
considered
to
be
in
a
Dutch
style,
a
presumption
that
has
been
much
disputed
by
garden
historians
in
recent
decades.
Historically
gardens
in
the
Netherlands
have
generally
followed
trends
from
neighbouring
countries,
but
from
the Early
Modern period,
Dutch
gardens
were
distinctive
for
the
wider
range
of
plants
available
over
the
rest
of
Europe
north
of
the
Alps,
and
an
emphasis
on
individual
specimen
plants,
often
sparsely
planted
in
a
bed.
In
the
17th
century
and
into
the
18th,
the
Dutch
dominated
the
publishing
of
botanical
books,
and
established
the
very
strong
position
in
the
breeding
and
growing
of
garden
plants,
which
they
still
retain. They
were
perhaps
also
distinguished
by
their
efficient
use
of
space,
and
in
large
examples,
the
use
of topiary (sculptured
bushes
and
trees)
and
small
"canals",
long
thin,
rectangular
artificial
stretches
of
water.
When
a
distinctively
"Dutch"
style
is
claimed,
it
generally
relates
to
formal
styles
in
large
gardens
in
the
latter
part
of
the
17th
century,
stretching
on
for
a
few
decades.
The Main
Canal at Westbury
Court
Garden,
now
restored
to
its
putative
state
in
1700.
Because
the
Netherlands
is
one
of
the
most
densely
populated
countries,
gardens
are
generally
small
and
because
houses
are
placed
right
next
to
each
other,
there
is
not
very
much
light
available.
From
the
19th
century
onwards,
Dutch
gardens
adapted
to
wider
trends,
mostly
from
England
and
France.
Dutch
gardens
are
relatively
small,
and
tend
to
be
"self-contained
and
introspective",
with
less
linkage
to
the
wider
landscape
around.
From
the
late
18th
century
onwards,
many
or
most
large
gardens
in
the
Netherlands
adopted
the
continental
version
of
the English
Landscape
garden style,
at
least
for
the
areas
beyond
the
immediate
vicinity
of
the
house.
There
are
also
many woodland
gardens from
the
late
19th
and
early
20th
centuries.
The
Privy
Garden
at Hampton
Court
Palace,
in
September
The
history
of
"Dutch-style"
gardens
abroad
perhaps
begins
in
the
17th
century.
On
the
one
hand
these
have
a
concentration
on
the
display
of
specimen
plants,
initially
often
imported
from
the
Netherlands.
In
larger
gardens,
canals
and
topiary
are
often
found.
However,
both
of
these
features
may
well
have
been
imported
to
the
Netherlands
from
France,
and
their
appearance
in
England
may
have
been
from
either
or
both
countries.
Evergreen
hedges,
rather
than
those
of deciduous species
such
as hornbeam,
have
also
been
seen
as
a
characteristic
Dutch
style
since
the
17th
century.
David
Jacques,
in
a
paper
from
2002
called
"Who
Knows
What
a
Dutch
Garden
Is?",
concludes
that
the
description
was
never
accurate
and
"It
is
time
that
historians
of
English
garden
style
eschewed
labels
such
as
"Dutch".
Detail
of
print
of
castle
garden
in Utrecht,
around
1700
Rectangular
flower
gardens,
often
slightly
sunk
in
tiers,
and
now
heavily
planted,
were
seen
as
"Dutch".
Any
garden
with
large
numbers
of tulips is
also
easily
labelled
as
a
Dutch
garden.
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